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[Medical decision making: its history and technical terms].

T Fukui1

  • 1Department of General Medicine, Saga Medical School, Nabeshima.

Rinsho Byori. the Japanese Journal of Clinical Pathology
|May 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Medical decision making utilizes decision sciences to navigate clinical uncertainties. It explores both how decisions should be made (prescriptive) and how they are actually made (descriptive) in healthcare.

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Area of Science:

  • Decision Sciences in Medicine
  • Clinical Judgment and Uncertainty

Context:

  • Medical decision making is crucial due to inherent uncertainties in clinical data and physician judgment.
  • The field has gained prominence over the last few decades as a key clinical tool.

Purpose:

  • To outline the two primary research areas in medical decision making: prescriptive and descriptive approaches.
  • To detail the quantitative, probabilistic methods of the prescriptive approach, including decision trees and key analytical terms.
  • To review the descriptive approach, focusing on judgment, heuristics, psychological pitfalls, and patient preferences.

Summary:

  • The prescriptive approach aims to optimize decisions using quantitative methods like decision trees, maximizing expected value or utility.
  • The descriptive approach examines actual human behavior in decision-making, including cognitive biases and the importance of patient preferences.

Impact:

  • Provides a framework for understanding and improving medical decision-making processes.
  • Highlights the need for both optimizing decisions and understanding human factors in clinical practice.

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