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Related Concept Videos

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction01:26

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...
Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while microarray-based...
Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique helps...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia
06:01

A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia

Published on: August 18, 2015

Transient ischemic attacks characterized by RNA profiles in blood.

X Zhan1, G C Jickling, Y Tian

  • 1Department of Neurology, MIND Institute Research Wet Labs-Room 2415, University of California at Davis, 2805 50 Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA. xzhan@ucdavis.edu

Neurology
|October 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gene expression profiles in blood reveal distinct patterns in patients experiencing transient ischemic attacks (TIA). These findings highlight potential biomarkers for TIA and stroke risk, offering insights into disease heterogeneity.

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A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Protocol for Stroke Onset Time Estimation in Permanent Cerebral Ischemia
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Published on: September 16, 2017

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Last Updated: May 28, 2026

A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia
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A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Protocol for Stroke Onset Time Estimation in Permanent Cerebral Ischemia
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A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Protocol for Stroke Onset Time Estimation in Permanent Cerebral Ischemia

Published on: September 16, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Neuroscience
  • Cardiovascular Medicine

Background:

  • Transient ischemic attacks (TIA) are prevalent neurological events.
  • Systemic inflammation and thrombosis are implicated in TIA pathophysiology.
  • Understanding TIA mechanisms may lead to targeted treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate gene expression profiles in blood of TIA patients.
  • To characterize the proinflammatory and procoagulant states associated with TIA.
  • To identify potential blood-based biomarkers for TIA.

Main Methods:

  • RNA expression analysis using Affymetrix microarrays in TIA patients (n=26) and controls (n=26).
  • Identification of differentially expressed genes using analysis of covariance.
  • Functional analyses and cross-validation of identified gene sets.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in gene expression patterns were observed between TIA patients and controls.
  • 449 differentially expressed genes were identified, associated with inflammation, platelet, and prothrombin activation.
  • A distinct set of 34 genes accurately discriminated TIA from controls with 100% sensitivity and specificity.

Conclusions:

  • Recent TIA patients exhibit unique blood gene expression profiles compared to controls.
  • Two distinct gene expression patterns in TIA suggest heterogeneous patient responses.
  • These findings may offer insights into TIA causes, stroke risk, and pathophysiology.