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Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.

Stem Cell Culture

Stem Cell Culture

Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration

Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
Types of Stem Cells used in Stem Cell Therapy
The two main cell types that...

Adult Stem Cells

Adult Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously renew...

Source And Potency Of Stem Cells

Source And Potency Of Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with extensive self-renewal properties that help them maintain their population during the fetal and adult stages of life. They can specialize in all cell types of the human body. However, their differential potential may vary and can be classified into five types. Stem cells can be (1) Totipotent, (2) Pluripotent, (3) Multipotent, (4) Oligopotent, and (5) Unipotent. Each stem cell has a specific origin; the fertilized egg or zygote is a totipotent cell and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Targeted and Selective Treatment of Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Teratomas Using External Beam Radiation in a Small-animal Model

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Published on: February 17, 2019

Brüstle v. Greenpeace: implications for stem cell research.

Alexander Denoon¹

¹Lawford Davies Denoon, 14A Clerkenwell Green, London, EC1R 0DP, UK. alex@lawforddaviesdenoon.com

Regenerative Medicine

|October 18, 2011

Summary

The European Union's Advocate General recommended against patenting human embryonic stem cell inventions. This opinion in the Brüstle v. Greenpeace case has sparked significant debate and parliamentary discussion.

Area of Science:

Biotechnology Law
Intellectual Property Rights
Stem Cell Research

Background:

A significant legal opinion was issued regarding the patentability of human embryonic stem cell (hESC) technologies.
The case, Brüstle v. Greenpeace (Case C-34/10), concerns inventions derived from hESCs.

Purpose of the Study:

To summarize the Advocate General's Opinion in the Brüstle v. Greenpeace case.
To analyze the practical implications of this legal opinion on stem cell research and patent law.

Main Methods:

Legal case analysis
Review of the Advocate General's Opinion
Discussion of parliamentary and public commentary

Main Results:

The Advocate General recommended that certain inventions involving hESCs should not be eligible for patents.

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Published on: December 6, 2013

Establishment of Genome-edited Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines: From Targeting to Isolation

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Published on: February 2, 2016

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Enrichment and Purging of Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Detection of Cell Surface Antigens Using the Monoclonal Antibodies TG30 and GCTM-2

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The opinion has generated substantial commentary and discussion within legal and political spheres.

Conclusions:

The legal landscape for human embryonic stem cell patentability is complex and subject to significant debate.
The Advocate General's Opinion may have far-reaching consequences for the commercialization and advancement of stem cell research in Europe.