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Synthesis and Structure Determination of µ-Conotoxin PIIIA Isomers with Different Disulfide Connectivities
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Synthesis and Structure Determination of µ-Conotoxin PIIIA Isomers with Different Disulfide Connectivities

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The crystal structure of isopenicillin N synthase with δ-((L)-α-aminoadipoyl)-(L)-cysteinyl-(D)-methionine reveals

Ian J Clifton1, Wei Ge, Robert M Adlington

  • 1Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, UK.

Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics
|October 18, 2011
PubMed

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Structural Isomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
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Stereoisomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
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Industrial insulin production uses genetically engineered E. coli expressing a proinsulin gene controlled by a tryptophan promoter and containing a methionine linker for later cleavage. The cells also carry ampicillin resistance for selective growth. Seed cultures are stored at −80 °C and production begins by thawing a small amount to inoculate starter cultures, which are progressively scaled to a 50,000-L bioreactor. In the bioreactor, E. coli grow in nutrient-rich media under sterile, tightly...
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