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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature is...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Analysis of HBV-Specific CD4 T-cell Responses and Identification of HLA-DR-Restricted CD4 T-Cell Epitopes Based on a Peptide Matrix
10:37

Analysis of HBV-Specific CD4 T-cell Responses and Identification of HLA-DR-Restricted CD4 T-Cell Epitopes Based on a Peptide Matrix

Published on: October 20, 2021

Update on hepatitis C virus-specific immunity.

Donatella Ciuffreda1, Arthur Y Kim

  • 1Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS
|October 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection involves complex T lymphocyte responses. Recent findings reveal how human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and inhibitory markers on T cells contribute to HCV immune evasion and disease progression.

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Published on: July 9, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Hepatology

Background:

  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection pathogenesis is intricate.
  • T lymphocytes play a crucial role in controlling viral infections.
  • Understanding HCV immunopathogenesis is key to developing effective treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on HCV immunopathogenesis, focusing on T lymphocytes.
  • To complement existing reviews on host genetics, acute HCV infection, and fibrosis progression.
  • To elucidate the role of specific immunity and T cells in controlling HCV infection.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on HCV immunopathogenesis.
  • Focus on T cell responses, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I-restricted T-cell responses, and viral evolution.
  • Analysis of inhibitory markers on T cells and their role in HCV immunopathogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Recent literature highlights the relationship between HLA, T-cell responses, and HCV evolution.
  • Inhibitory markers on T cells are significant in HCV immunopathogenesis.
  • Advances in understanding HCV immune evasion mechanisms have been made.

Conclusions:

  • HCV employs sophisticated immune evasion strategies.
  • T cell responses and viral mutations are critical in understanding HCV immune evasion.
  • Further research into T cell markers and HLA interactions can inform therapeutic strategies.