Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Parallel Processing01:20

Parallel Processing

The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
Scale-Up Processes01:14

Scale-Up Processes

The scale-up of microbial fermentation processes is essential in industrial biotechnology, allowing the transition from laboratory-scale experiments to commercial-scale production while aiming to maintain product yield and quality. This process requires meticulous adjustment of equipment design, process parameters, and contamination control strategies to accommodate increasing culture volumes.At the laboratory scale, cultures are typically maintained in 1 to 10-liter glass or autoclavable...
Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models00:57

Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models

Physiological pharmacokinetic models, often called flow-limited or perfusion models, typically assume a swift drug distribution between tissue and venous blood, creating a rapid drug equilibrium. This premise is based on the idea that drug diffusion is extremely fast, and the cell membrane presents no barrier to drug permeation. In this scenario, where no drug binding occurs, the drug concentration in the tissue equals that of the venous blood leaving the tissue. This greatly simplifies the...
Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model01:15

Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model

Dissolution, the process by which drug particles dissolve in a solvent, is explained by the diffusion layer model, a theoretical framework that simulates the absorption of oral drugs and allows us to analyze experimental data.
This process starts with a thin layer, saturated with the drug, forming at the interface between the solid and liquid. The solute then diffuses from this layer into the main solution. The Noyes-Whitney equation suggests that the rate of dissolution relies on the diffusion...
Multicompartment Models: Overview01:14

Multicompartment Models: Overview

Multicompartment models are mathematical constructs that depict how drugs are distributed and eliminated within the body. They segment the body into several compartments, symbolizing various physiological or anatomical areas connected through drug transfer processes such as absorption, metabolism, distribution, and elimination.
These models offer a more comprehensive representation of drug behavior in the body than one-compartment models. They accommodate the complexity of drug distribution,...
Typical Model Studies01:30

Typical Model Studies

Fluid mechanics model studies often utilize scaled-down systems to predict fluid behavior in full-scale environments, such as river flows, dam spillways, and structures interacting with open surfaces. Maintaining Froude number similarity in river models is crucial, as it replicates surface flow features like wave patterns and velocities.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

'Light at the end of the tunnel': reactions to targeted and generally applicable reduced nicotine policy messages among priority populations of people who smoke.

Tobacco controlยท2026
Same author

Racism, discrimination, and distress: A cross-sectional examination of smoking behaviors among adults who smoke during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Tobacco prevention & cessationยท2026
Same author

Examining Spontaneous Cognitive and Emotional Reactions to Messages About Very Low Nicotine Cigarettes (VLNCs).

Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Educationยท2026
Same author

Reasons for not using e-cigarettes among adults who smoke: findings from the 2019-2021 Euromonitor International's Voice of the Consumer: Nicotine Survey in 20 countries.

BMC public healthยท2025
Same author

Smoke-free by tradition: Indonesia's native tribe's unique way of life.

Tobacco controlยท2025
Same author

Nicotine Intervention and Communication for Empowering Reduction (NICER): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial among priority populations of people who smoke.

Trialsยท2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Using Visual and Narrative Methods to Achieve Fair Process in Clinical Care
14:32

Using Visual and Narrative Methods to Achieve Fair Process in Clinical Care

Published on: February 16, 2011

The extended parallel process model: illuminating the gaps in research.

Lucy Popova1

  • 1University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. Lyudmila.Popova@ucsf.edu

Health Education & Behavior : the Official Publication of the Society for Public Health Education
|October 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study reviews the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM), finding its concepts well-developed but lacking consistent definitions and empirical support. It proposes alternative operationalizations and examines underlying assumptions for better application in health communication.

More Related Videos

Involving Individuals with Developmental Language Disorder and Their Parents/Carers in Research Priority Setting
06:16

Involving Individuals with Developmental Language Disorder and Their Parents/Carers in Research Priority Setting

Published on: June 6, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Using Visual and Narrative Methods to Achieve Fair Process in Clinical Care
14:32

Using Visual and Narrative Methods to Achieve Fair Process in Clinical Care

Published on: February 16, 2011

Involving Individuals with Developmental Language Disorder and Their Parents/Carers in Research Priority Setting
06:16

Involving Individuals with Developmental Language Disorder and Their Parents/Carers in Research Priority Setting

Published on: June 6, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Health Communication
  • Risk Communication
  • Psychology

Background:

  • The Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM) is a prominent theory explaining responses to health threats.
  • Existing literature shows EPPM's theoretical concepts are developed, but operational definitions lack consistency.
  • Few EPPM propositions have been explicitly tested, and none have received unequivocal empirical support.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically examine the constructs, propositions, and assumptions of the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM).
  • To propose alternative operationalizations for EPPM constructs and investigate its core assumptions.
  • To address the EPPM's potential as a foundation for a general theory of negative emotional appeals.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive review of existing EPPM literature.
  • Analysis of theoretical consistency and empirical support for EPPM propositions.
  • Examination of key assumptions including construct relationships, temporal factors, and audience states.

Main Results:

  • EPPM's theoretical concepts are well-established, yet operational definitions for constructs are inconsistent.
  • Several EPPM propositions lack explicit testing and unequivocal empirical validation.
  • Assumptions regarding additive relationships, time, thresholds, and audience state require further investigation.

Conclusions:

  • The EPPM requires refinement in construct operationalization and empirical testing for robust application.
  • Further research should explore alternative operationalizations and test core assumptions to enhance the model's validity.
  • The EPPM offers a potential, albeit needing development, framework for understanding negative emotional appeals in communication.