Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Genome-wide RNAi Screening to Identify Host Factors That Modulate Oncolytic Virus Therapy
08:51

Genome-wide RNAi Screening to Identify Host Factors That Modulate Oncolytic Virus Therapy

Published on: April 3, 2018

Reovirus therapy stimulates endoplasmic reticular stress, NOXA induction, and augments bortezomib-mediated apoptosis

K R Kelly1, C M Espitia, D Mahalingam

  • 1Department of Medicine, The Institute for Drug Development, Cancer Therapy and Research Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.

Oncogene
|October 18, 2011
PubMed

Insights

Reolysin, a reovirus cancer therapy, induces apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells by triggering endoplasmic reticulum stress and NOXA protein. Combining Reolysin with bortezomib enhances anti-myeloma effects, reducing tumor burden with minimal side effects.

Area of Science:

  • Oncolytic virotherapy
  • Cancer biology
  • Molecular oncology

Background:

  • Reovirus demonstrates anti-cancer activity with low toxicity, but mechanisms remain unclear.
  • Reolysin, a reovirus formulation, selectively replicates in and induces apoptosis in multiple myeloma (MM) cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms of reovirus-mediated apoptosis in MM.
  • To investigate the synergistic effects of Reolysin and bortezomib in MM treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed Reolysin's effect on MM cell apoptosis, ER stress markers, and NOXA protein.
  • Utilized short hairpin RNA to knock down NOXA expression.
  • Evaluated the combination of Reolysin and bortezomib in MM models.

Main Results:

  • Reolysin induced MM cell apoptosis via ER stress and NOXA upregulation.
  • NOXA knockdown diminished Reolysin's pro-apoptotic effects.
  • Combination therapy enhanced ER stress, NOXA induction, and apoptosis, significantly reducing tumor burden in vivo.
  • The combination therapy showed no adverse side effects.

Conclusions:

  • ER stress and NOXA induction are novel mediators of reovirus-induced apoptosis.
  • Reovirus infection potentiates bortezomib's anti-myeloma activity by increasing ER stress in MM cells.

More Related Videos

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo12:42

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Published on: January 7, 2019

Ex vivo Expansion of Tumor-reactive T Cells by Means of Bryostatin 1/Ionomycin and the Common Gamma Chain Cytokines Formulation07:20

Ex vivo Expansion of Tumor-reactive T Cells by Means of Bryostatin 1/Ionomycin and the Common Gamma Chain Cytokines Formulation

Published on: January 14, 2011

Related Concept Videos

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis01:30

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Treatment Resistent Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistent Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...