Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not necessarily...
Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists01:30

Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists

Cognitive enhancers, also known as "smart drugs," are substances used to enhance memory, mental alertness, and concentration. These can be natural or synthetic and improve cognition in conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Some common examples include caffeine, amphetamines, methylphenidate, modafinil, arecoline, donepezil, vortioxetine, and piracetam. These enhancers work on the principle of synaptic plasticity and altered circuit function. They...
Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
Drug Dependence01:17

Drug Dependence

Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...
CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine01:27

CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine

Ethanol, a clear colorless alcohol, has been consumed by humans for millennia, but its effects on the body are far from benign. At lower doses, it induces decreased inhibitions and loquaciousness, leading to its social appeal. However, it can cause severe consequences at higher doses, such as coma and respiratory depression, due to its zero-order elimination kinetics. Chronic ethanol abuse wreaks havoc on multiple organ systems, particularly the CNS and the liver. Abrupt cessation of ethanol...
The Influence of Cognition on Affect01:29

The Influence of Cognition on Affect

Cognition plays a pivotal role in shaping emotional experiences, as demonstrated by Schachter and Singer’s two-factor theory of emotion. According to this model, emotion arises from a combination of physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation. The body’s physiological response to stimuli is ambiguous and only gains emotional significance through cognitive labeling. For instance, an increased heart rate and adrenaline surge while standing near an attractive person may be interpreted as...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Cellular and systemic sequelae of adolescent social stress: An overview of rodent research.

Behavioral neuroscience·2026
Same author

Age is associated with altered locomotor and hypothermic response to acute nicotine.

Behavioural pharmacology·2024
Same author

Alcohol and fear conditioning produce strain-specific changes in the dorsal hippocampal transcriptome of adolescent C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice.

Alcohol, clinical & experimental research·2024
Same author

Adolescent intermittent alcohol exposure produces strain-specific cross-sensitization to nicotine and other behavioral adaptations in adulthood in C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice.

Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior·2023
Same author

Epigenetic and long-term effects of nicotine on biology, behavior, and health.

Pharmacological research·2023
Same author

Chronic nicotine exposure alters sperm small RNA content in C57BL/6J mouse model.

Developmental psychobiology·2023
Same journal

"It's so much easier for them to just come to us": a qualitative study examining the implementation of mobile methadone treatment serving a residential SUD treatment program.

Addiction science & clinical practice·2026
Same journal

"[I]t will be like a full course meal": healthcare worker perspectives on strategies to optimize integration of PrEP into medication for opioid use disorder and needle and syringe exchange programs for people who use drugs in Kampala, Uganda.

Addiction science & clinical practice·2026
Same journal

The HOPE program: protocol for a stratified cluster randomized controlled trial to prevent psychoactive substance use and promote health in Moroccan middle school students.

Addiction science & clinical practice·2026
Same journal

"How are we going to be able to pull that off?": staff perspectives on the early implementation of mobile medication units in New York State.

Addiction science & clinical practice·2026
Same journal

Prevalence of sleep-related symptoms in patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Addiction science & clinical practice·2026
Same journal

Telemedicine and increased retention in medications for opioid use disorder treatment.

Addiction science & clinical practice·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

A Protocol for Measuring Cue Reactivity in a Rat Model of Cocaine Use Disorder
07:51

A Protocol for Measuring Cue Reactivity in a Rat Model of Cocaine Use Disorder

Published on: June 18, 2018

Addiction and cognition.

Thomas J Gould1

  • 1Department of Psychology and Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA. tgould@temple.edu

Addiction Science & Clinical Practice
|October 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Addiction hijacks brain circuits for learning and memory, creating lasting cognitive deficits that impair recovery. Early drug exposure, especially in developing brains, causes severe, long-term cognitive changes.

More Related Videos

Comprehensive Analysis of Transcription Dynamics from Brain Samples Following Behavioral Experience
08:14

Comprehensive Analysis of Transcription Dynamics from Brain Samples Following Behavioral Experience

Published on: August 26, 2014

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers
08:05

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers

Published on: January 5, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 28, 2026

A Protocol for Measuring Cue Reactivity in a Rat Model of Cocaine Use Disorder
07:51

A Protocol for Measuring Cue Reactivity in a Rat Model of Cocaine Use Disorder

Published on: June 18, 2018

Comprehensive Analysis of Transcription Dynamics from Brain Samples Following Behavioral Experience
08:14

Comprehensive Analysis of Transcription Dynamics from Brain Samples Following Behavioral Experience

Published on: August 26, 2014

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers
08:05

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers

Published on: January 5, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Addiction Research

Background:

  • Addiction involves brain regions crucial for cognitive functions like learning and memory.
  • Early drug use can establish maladaptive associations, leading to future cravings and drug-seeking behaviors.
  • Continued substance abuse results in cognitive deficits that hinder abstinence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the intricate relationship between addiction and cognitive functions.
  • To understand how drug abuse impacts learning, memory, and reasoning.
  • To highlight the particular vulnerability of the developing brain to drug-induced cognitive changes.

Main Methods:

  • This study reviews existing literature on addiction and cognitive neuroscience.
  • It analyzes neurobiological mechanisms underlying drug-induced cognitive impairments.
  • The review examines the long-term effects of substance abuse on cognitive processes.

Main Results:

  • Drug abuse significantly alters neural pathways involved in cognition.
  • Maladaptive associations formed during early abuse contribute to persistent cravings.
  • Cognitive deficits associated with addiction complicate sustained abstinence.
  • Developing brains (prenatal, childhood, adolescent) show heightened susceptibility to long-lasting cognitive damage from drug exposure.
  • Individuals with mental illness face compounded cognitive challenges due to co-occurring substance abuse.

Conclusions:

  • Addiction profoundly impacts cognitive functions, creating significant barriers to recovery.
  • Early and developmental exposure to drugs of abuse leads to enduring cognitive impairments.
  • The interplay between mental illness and substance abuse exacerbates cognitive dysfunction.