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Related Experiment Videos

Screening for colorectal cancer.

D M Eddy1

  • 1Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.

Annals of Internal Medicine
|September 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Regular colorectal cancer screening can significantly lower mortality risks. Screening individuals aged 50-75 for 25 years, using methods like fecal occult blood tests and sigmoidoscopy, may reduce cancer development and death by 10-75%.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Preventive Medicine
  • Biostatistics

Background:

  • Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is suggested to reduce mortality based on its natural history and test detection capabilities.
  • An average-risk 50-year-old faces a 530-in-10,000 lifetime risk of developing CRC and a 250-in-10,000 risk of dying from it.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the potential impact of colorectal cancer screening on mortality using indirect evidence and mathematical modeling.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of different screening modalities and frequencies in reducing CRC incidence and mortality.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized indirect evidence from colorectal cancer natural history and test performance.
  • Employed a mathematical model to simulate the effects of long-term screening (25 years) on CRC outcomes.

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  • Considered screening protocols for average-risk individuals and those with a family history of CRC.

    • Main Results:

    • Screening individuals aged 50-75 for 25 years could decrease the risk of developing or dying from CRC by 10% to 75%.
    • The extent of risk reduction is dependent on the specific screening tests employed and their frequency.
    • Annual fecal occult blood tests combined with flexible sigmoidoscopy every 3-5 years are proposed for average-risk individuals.

    Conclusions:

    • Colorectal cancer screening is an optional but recommended intervention for reducing mortality.
    • A potential screening strategy involves annual fecal occult blood tests and periodic flexible sigmoidoscopy for individuals aged 50-75.
    • Alternative screening options, such as barium enemas, may be considered for individuals with a first-degree relative history of CRC.