Localised prostate cancer - current treatment options

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Urology

Background:

• Localized prostate cancer presents diverse treatment options with varying side effect profiles, impacts on quality of life, and societal costs.
• Understanding these differences is crucial for informed clinical decision-making.

Purpose of the Study:

• To outline the grading and staging of localized prostate cancer.
• To explore the roles and outcomes of currently available treatment modalities for localized prostate cancer.

Main Methods:

• Review of current treatment options for localized prostate cancer.
• Analysis of risk stratification based on grade, stage, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels.
• Consideration of patient-specific factors including life expectancy, comorbidities, and personal preferences.

Main Results:

• Treatment selection for localized prostate cancer is multifactorial, integrating risk assessment and patient-specific factors.
• Available treatments include active surveillance, radical prostatectomy, external beam radiation therapy, and brachytherapy.
• Combination therapy with androgen deprivation and radiation improves survival in high-risk patients.

Conclusions:

• Treatment decisions for localized prostate cancer should be individualized based on risk-adapted assessment and patient preferences.
• All primary treatment modalities demonstrate high and comparable long-term survival rates (over 90% at 10 years, over 75% at 15 years).
• Androgen deprivation therapy enhances survival outcomes when combined with radiation for high-risk prostate cancer.