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Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

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The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the polymer...

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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

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Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

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Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
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Polymer Classification: Architecture

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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...

Polymers

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the properties that they exhibit. Additionally,...

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Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals

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Multifunctional polythreading coordination polymers: spontaneous resolution, nonlinear-optic, and ferroelectric

Xianying Duan¹, Qingjin Meng, Yang Su

¹School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)

|October 18, 2011

Summary

Researchers synthesized four novel polythreading coordination polymers using methylenediisophthalic acid and transition metals. These multifunctional materials exhibit spontaneous resolution and nonlinear-optic (NLO) properties.

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Area of Science:

Coordination Chemistry
Materials Science
Crystallography

Background:

Coordination polymers offer tunable structures and properties.
Developing novel architectures with specific functionalities remains a key challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize and characterize unprecedented polythreading coordination polymers.
To investigate the structural diversity and multifunctional properties of these new materials.

Main Methods:

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction for structural analysis.
Utilizing methylenediisophthalic acid (H4L) and N-auxiliary ligands with transition metals (Co2+/Mn2+).

Main Results:

Four unprecedented polythreading coordination polymers were successfully synthesized.
Compounds exhibit noncentrosymmetric structures and multifunctionality.
Spontaneous resolution occurred in two compounds, yielding enantiomers with chiral building blocks.
Polar compounds display nonlinear-optic (NLO) and ferroelectric properties at room temperature.

Conclusions:

The assembly of oppositely charged motifs is an effective strategy for creating multifunctional compounds.
These coordination polymers demonstrate potential for applications in nonlinear optics and ferroelectricity.