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Related Concept Videos

Atelectasis II: Pathophysiology01:10

Atelectasis II: Pathophysiology

Atelectasis develops when alveoli lose their air and collapse inward. Because lung tissue is naturally elastic, these air sacs shrink rather than remaining open. Collapsed alveoli are no longer ventilated, reducing their role in gas exchange. Blood flow may continue in these regions, creating a ventilation–perfusion mismatch. Clinical findings include decreased breath sounds, dullness to percussion, reduced chest expansion, and decreased tactile fremitus as sound transmission through collapsed...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema

Emphysema, a major phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is characterized by irreversible destruction of alveolar walls and permanent enlargement of distal airspaces. Unlike chronic bronchitis, which primarily affects the airways, emphysema predominantly involves the lung parenchyma, where structural damage leads to airflow limitation.PathophysiologyIt most commonly results from prolonged exposure to cigarette smoke and other toxic gases, particularly cigarette smoke.
Respiratory System Abnormal Finding I: Inspection and Percussion01:30

Respiratory System Abnormal Finding I: Inspection and Percussion

Respiratory system abnormalities are a significant concern in healthcare due to their potential to indicate underlying severe conditions like Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), asthma, and pneumonia. These abnormalities can often be detected through physical examination methods like inspection and percussion.
Inspection Findings
During an inspection, several findings may suggest the presence of respiratory distress or disease. Pursed-lip breathing, where exhalation is slowed by...
Gross Anatomy of the Lungs01:17

Gross Anatomy of the Lungs

The lungs are a pair of vital organs connected to the trachea via the left and right bronchi. The base of these organs meets the dome-shaped muscle known as the diaphragm. Encased by the pleurae, the lungs contact the mediastinum. The right lung is shorter yet wider, and has a larger volume than the left lung. The left lung has an indentation known as the cardiac notch. The superior region of the lungs is referred to as the apex, whereas the base is the lower region near the diaphragm. The...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:29

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...
Pleura of the Lungs01:13

Pleura of the Lungs

The lungs are nestled in a cavity, shielded by the pleura. The pleura, a form of serous membrane, wraps around each lung. This membrane arrangement consists of two layers: the visceral and parietal pleurae. The visceral pleura lines the surface of the lungIn contrast, the parietal pleura is the outer layer and contacts to the thoracic wall, the mediastinum, and the diaphragm. The hilum is the point of connection between the visceral and parietal layers. The space between the parietal and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition
09:17

Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition

Published on: March 3, 2023

Referenceless stratification of parenchymal lung abnormalities.

Sushravya Raghunath1, Srinivasan Rajagopalan, Ronald A Karwoski

  • 1Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA. raghunath.sushravya@mayo.edu

Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention : MICCAI ... International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention
|October 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Computational tools enable personalized pulmonary medicine by stratifying lung CT scans based on abnormalities. This approach aids in diagnosing and tracking lung diseases, paving the way for P4 medicine.

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Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
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Protocol and Guidelines for Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Diagnosing Neonatal Pulmonary Diseases Based on International Expert Consensus
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Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
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Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Computational Biology
  • Medical Imaging Analysis

Background:

  • Personalized, predictive, preemptive, and participatory (P4) medicine requires advanced computational tools.
  • Stratifying lung conditions based on spatial parenchymal abnormalities is crucial for individualized patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce computational tools for P4 pulmonary medicine.
  • To stratify lungs based on spatial parenchymal abnormalities and visualize patient groupings.
  • To develop objective biomarkers for diagnosing and tracking lung pathologies.

Main Methods:

  • Referenceless stratification using affinity propagation on regional parenchymal abnormalities.
  • Computation of abnormalities via supervised classification with Earth Mover's distance.
  • Visualization of stratification using glyphs representing lung wellness and grouping efficacy.

Main Results:

  • Twenty natural clusters were identified from 372 CT lung scans.
  • The identified clusters showed significant correlation with 9 clinical disease types.
  • High stratification quality was confirmed by ANOSIM R (0.887 +/- 0.18, p-val < 0.0005).

Conclusions:

  • The developed computational tools can objectively stratify lung conditions.
  • These tools can serve as biomarkers for diagnosing pathology, tracking disease progression, and assessing treatment response.
  • The findings support the advancement of P4 pulmonary medicine through data-driven insights.