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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Seizures l: Introduction01:20

Seizures l: Introduction

Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...
Epilepsy ll: Types01:22

Epilepsy ll: Types

Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein

Antiepileptic drugs, such as levetiracetam (Keppra) and brivaracetam (Briviact), have emerged as crucial tools in managing epilepsy. These medications exert their therapeutic effects by targeting the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily found in the brain.
SV2A is a transmembrane glycoprotein located predominantly in the brain, modulating the release of neurotransmitters for neuronal communication. Both levetiracetam and brivaracetam exhibit a high affinity for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Sampling Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood from Lateral Tail Vein in Rats During EEG Recordings
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Sampling Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood from Lateral Tail Vein in Rats During EEG Recordings

Published on: September 1, 2023

Biomarkers in epilepsy: introduction.

Jerome Engel1

  • 1Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 710 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1769, USA. engel@ucla.edu

Biomarkers in Medicine
|October 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epilepsy, a common brain disease, lacks reliable biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment. Identifying these biomarkers is crucial for improving patient care and developing new epilepsy therapies.

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Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy
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Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy

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Simultaneous Video-EEG-ECG Monitoring to Identify Neurocardiac Dysfunction in Mouse Models of Epilepsy
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Simultaneous Video-EEG-ECG Monitoring to Identify Neurocardiac Dysfunction in Mouse Models of Epilepsy

Published on: January 29, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Sampling Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood from Lateral Tail Vein in Rats During EEG Recordings
10:46

Sampling Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood from Lateral Tail Vein in Rats During EEG Recordings

Published on: September 1, 2023

Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy
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Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy

Published on: December 6, 2016

Simultaneous Video-EEG-ECG Monitoring to Identify Neurocardiac Dysfunction in Mouse Models of Epilepsy
11:54

Simultaneous Video-EEG-ECG Monitoring to Identify Neurocardiac Dysfunction in Mouse Models of Epilepsy

Published on: January 29, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Epilepsy is a prevalent and serious primary brain disorder, contributing significantly to the global disease burden.
  • Current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for epilepsy are hindered by the absence of dependable biomarkers for epileptogenicity and epileptogenesis.
  • The development of reliable biomarkers is essential for advancing epilepsy research and clinical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the critical need for reliable biomarkers in epilepsy.
  • To emphasize the potential of recent scientific advances in identifying these biomarkers.
  • To underscore the high priority placed on biomarker discovery by the epilepsy research community.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent advances in relevant scientific fields.
  • Discussion of the impact of biomarker identification on clinical applications.
  • Focus on electrophysiology, neuroimaging, molecular biology, and genetics.

Main Results:

  • The identification of reliable biomarkers for epileptogenicity and epileptogenesis is a high-priority goal.
  • Advances in multiple scientific disciplines are paving the way for biomarker discovery.
  • Biomarkers would significantly improve differential diagnosis, pharmacotherapy, and presurgical evaluation.

Conclusions:

  • Reliable biomarkers are urgently needed to improve the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy.
  • Progress in electrophysiology, neuroimaging, molecular biology, and genetics offers promise for future biomarker identification.
  • The development of these biomarkers will enhance cost-effectiveness in drug discovery and clinical trials for epilepsy treatments.