The use of 3D imaging tools in facial plastic surgery

The authors present an overview of 3D computer-aided design and computer-aided modeling tools available to the facial plastic surgeon. They describe the role of 3D tools in all phases of computer-aided surgery including: data acquisition, planning, surgery, and assessment. Applications of these tools include obtaining 3D measurements, using mirror imaging to reconstruct missing areas of the head and neck, and 3D sizing or segmentation of bone and soft tissue. They review of clinical outcomes obtained from studies reviewing 3D tools. These systems have potential value for education, reducing operating room time, and improving clinical outcomes.