Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 28, 2026
05:02
Modeling Brain Metastasis Via Tail-Vein Injection of Inflammatory Breast Cancer Cells
Published on: February 4, 2021
Chemoprevention for brain metastases
1Pharmacy Clinical Programs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Current Oncology Reports
|October 19, 2011
Summary
Brain metastases (BMs) are increasing, posing a significant challenge in cancer treatment. This review explores strategies for preventing BMs, particularly in high-risk patients with lung cancer and other malignancies.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Neuro-oncology
- Cancer Metastasis Research
Background:
- Increasing prevalence of brain metastases (BMs) due to effective systemic therapies.
- BMs represent a major cause of relapse and mortality in various cancers.
- Current treatment limitations necessitate novel strategies for managing BMs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the pathogenesis and clinical risk factors of BMs.
- To identify obstacles hindering effective BM treatment.
- To explore chemoprevention strategies for BMs in specific cancers.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review on brain metastases.
- Analysis of pathogenesis and risk factors.
- Evaluation of treatment challenges and chemoprevention.
Main Results:
- Detailed review of BM pathogenesis and clinical risk factors.
- Identification of key obstacles in current BM treatment protocols.
- Exploration of chemoprevention approaches for lung cancer, breast cancer, melanoma, and renal cell carcinoma.
Conclusions:
- Understanding BM pathogenesis is crucial for developing preventive strategies.
- Overcoming treatment obstacles is essential for improving patient outcomes.
- Chemoprevention holds promise for reducing BM incidence in high-risk populations.
Related Concept Videos
01:28Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists
Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors are distributed across the GI tract, vagal afferents, and key CNS regions including the central vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Chemotherapy agents stimulate enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to release large amounts of substance P (SP). SP is a neuropeptide released by specific sensory nerves in response to many different stressors, including those in the GI mucosa affected by chemotherapy. SP binds and activates these...
01:29Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists
Dopamine receptor antagonists, also known as antipsychotic agents, are critical in managing chemotherapy-induced vomiting. These antiemetic agents block dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), inhibiting signal transmission to the vomiting center. Antipsychotic agents encompass phenothiazines (PTZ), butyrophenones, benzamides, and thienobenzodiazepines (Zyprexa), which are utilized for their antiemetic and sedative properties.
Phenothiazines, such as prochlorperazine...
Phenothiazines, such as prochlorperazine...
02:57Targeted Cancer Therapies
The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
02:50Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine
Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
02:56Treatment Resistent Cancers
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
02:49Cancer Therapies
Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...