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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Isolation of Murine Lymph Node Stromal Cells

Isolation of Murine Lymph Node Stromal Cells

Published on: August 19, 2014

Langerhans cells are precommitted to immune tolerance induction.

Elena Shklovskaya¹, Brendan J O'Sullivan, Lai Guan Ng

¹T Cell Biology Research Program, Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, Newtown NSW 2042, Australia.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|October 19, 2011

Summary

Epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) induce T cell tolerance, not immunity, even when activated. This immune tolerance by LCs, despite costimulatory molecule upregulation, is linked to their inability to activate key nuclear factors for immune responses.

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Development and Functional Characterization of Murine Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells

Development and Functional Characterization of Murine Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells

Published on: May 18, 2018

Area of Science:

Immunology
Dermatology
Cell Biology

Background:

Dendritic cells (DCs) orchestrate immune responses, determining tolerance or immunity.
All DC subsets are thought to be capable of inducing either response based on activation signals.
Epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) are a key DC subset in skin immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) can induce immunogenic T cell responses in vivo.
To determine the functional capacity of LCs in initiating adaptive immunity.
To understand the mechanisms underlying LC-mediated T cell interactions.

Main Methods:

In vivo studies using CD4 T cells and antigen-presenting LCs.
Analysis of T cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival after LC interaction.
Assessment of costimulatory molecule expression (CD80, CD86) and IL-12 production.
Investigation of NF-κB family member RelB nuclear translocation in LCs.

Main Results:

Activated LCs induced initial CD4 T cell proliferation, but failed to promote effector/memory differentiation or long-term survival.
LCs maintained a tolerogenic function even after exposure to potent adjuvants.
This tolerogenic function correlated with the failure of RelB to translocate to the nucleus.
Upregulation of CD80, CD86, and IL-12 did not override the tolerogenic commitment of LCs.

Conclusions:

Epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) are committed to inducing T cell tolerance, irrespective of adjuvant-induced activation.
The inability to translocate RelB may be a key mechanism for LC-mediated tolerance.
LC tolerance explains the immune privilege of skin commensals and the distinct response to invasive pathogens.