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Related Concept Videos

Motor Unit Stimulation01:20

Motor Unit Stimulation

When the neuron of a motor unit fires an action potential, it triggers a series of events, leading to a twitch contraction in the muscle fibers. The process of excitation-contraction coupling is crucial in relaying the action potential to the muscle fibers.
The latent period of contraction marks the onset of excitation-contraction coupling, when the action potential propagates across the sarcolemma, preparing the muscle fibers for contraction. As the fibers enter the contraction phase, the...
Alterations in Muscle Tone ll01:12

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll

Alterations in muscle tone are common manifestations of neurological disorders and reflect dysfunction within different nervous system regions. Spasticity, paratonia, and dystonia represent distinct forms of hypertonia, each with unique mechanisms, clinical features, and diagnostic importance.CharacteristicsSpasticity happens from upper motor neuron lesions and is characterized by velocity-dependent resistance to passive movement. Clinical features include:Exaggerated deep tendon reflexesClonus...
Isotonic and Isometric Muscle Contractions01:22

Isotonic and Isometric Muscle Contractions

Two primary types of muscle contractions are isotonic and isometric, each serving unique functions and involving distinct mechanisms. Both isotonic and isometric contractions are integral to the body's complex system of movement and stability. Isotonic exercises contribute significantly to functional strength and movement, while isometric contractions are crucial for maintaining posture and joint stability.
Isotonic contractions
Isotonic contractions occur when a muscle changes length while the...
Muscle Stimulation Frequency01:22

Muscle Stimulation Frequency

The contraction strength of muscles is regulated by motor neurons, which modulate the frequency of action potentials dispatched to the motor units based on the body's requirements. This process of varying the muscle stimulation frequency allows muscles to contract with a force that is precisely tailored to the needs of the moment, whether lifting a feather or a heavy box.
Wave summation
At low firing rates, motor neurons induce individual twitch contractions in muscle fibers. These twitches...
Exercise and Muscle Performance01:27

Exercise and Muscle Performance

Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...
Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Skeletal Muscles01:20

Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Skeletal Muscles

Excitation-contraction coupling is a series of events that occur between generating an action potential and initiating a muscle contraction. It occurs at the triad, a structure found in skeletal muscle fibers that comprise a T-tubule and terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum on each side. These triads are visible in longitudinally sectioned muscle fibers. They are typically located at the A-I junction — the junction between the A and I bands of the sarcomere.
When an action potential...

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Muscle Function Obtained with Motion Mode Ultrasound and Surface Electromyography during Core Endurance Exercise
09:21

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Published on: August 25, 2022

Passive trunk loading influences muscle activation during dynamic activity.

Michael W Olson1

  • 1Department of Kinesiology, Southern Illinois University, 1075 South Normal Drive, Mailcode 4310, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, USA. mwolson@siu.edu

Muscle & Nerve
|October 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Passive loading of low back tissues alters trunk muscle activity. Repetitive loading caused earlier cessation and delayed re-initiation of lumbar paraspinal activity, indicating neuromuscular adaptation.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Neuroscience
  • Musculoskeletal health

Background:

  • Repetitive loading of low back tissues can cause tension relaxation.
  • This may alter neuromuscular responses and impact low back health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To observe trunk muscle activities before and after passive cyclic trunk flexion-extension exercise.
  • To investigate the neuromuscular response to low back tissue loading.

Main Methods:

  • Nineteen participants underwent sagittal plane loading of low back tissues.
  • Trunk muscle activity was assessed via toe-touching before and after loading.

Main Results:

  • Lumbar paraspinal activity ceased sooner during flexion post-loading compared to pre-loading.
  • Paraspinal activity re-initiated later during extension post-loading.
  • No significant changes in peak or average muscle activity were observed.

Conclusions:

  • Passive loading of lumbar tissues induces prolonged neuromuscular adaptation.
  • Neuromuscular compensation may be sustained for up to 1 hour after load termination.