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Related Concept Videos

Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
EDTA: Chemistry and Properties01:22

EDTA: Chemistry and Properties

Polydentate ligands are most widely used in complexometric titrations because they form more stable complexes with the metal ions than mono- or bidentate ligands due to the chelate effect. Examples of polydentate ligands are ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), crown ethers, and cryptands. The most important feature of optimal polydentate ligands is the ability to form 1:1 complexes in a single-step process. Amino carboxylic acid derivatives are frequently used as complexing agents. EDTA is...
Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
Complexometric Titration: Ligands00:43

Complexometric Titration: Ligands

Different monodentate and polydentate ligands are used as complexing agents in complexometric titration reactions. The formation of complexes by mono- and bidentate ligands involves two or more intermediate steps, limiting their use as complexing agents. In comparison, polydentate ligands can form complexes with metal ions in a single-step process, facilitating sharper end points. This means polydentate ligands, such as amino carboxylic acid derivatives, are most commonly employed in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Sequence-specific and Selective Recognition of Double-stranded RNAs over Single-stranded RNAs by Chemically Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids
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Tridentate N-donor palladium(II) complexes as efficient coordinating quadruplex DNA binders.

Eric Largy1, Florian Hamon, Frédéric Rosu

  • 1UMR176 CNRS, Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|October 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Palladium complexes show superior G-quadruplex DNA stabilization and cancer cell growth inhibition compared to platinum and copper. Ligand modification further enhances G-quadruplex DNA binding affinity and coordination modes.

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Single-molecule Manipulation of G-quadruplexes by Magnetic Tweezers

Published on: September 19, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Coordination Chemistry
  • Biophysical Chemistry
  • Medicinal Chemistry

Background:

  • G-quadruplex DNA structures are crucial in various biological processes, including cancer.
  • Metal complexes are investigated for their potential to interact with and stabilize G-quadruplex DNA.
  • Understanding metal-ligand interactions is key to developing targeted therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize palladium, platinum, and copper complexes with N-donor tridentate ligands.
  • To evaluate the G-quadruplex DNA binding properties and stabilization effects of these metal complexes.
  • To investigate the binding modes and anticancer activity of promising complexes.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of 15 metal complexes featuring five different N-donor tridentate ligands.
  • Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) melting assays for G-quadruplex DNA stabilization.
  • Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and UV/Vis spectroscopy for binding mode analysis.
  • In vitro cancer cell growth inhibition assays.

Main Results:

  • Palladium complexes significantly enhanced G-quadruplex DNA stabilization compared to platinum and copper complexes.
  • Palladium complexes demonstrated a greater ability to coordinate DNA bases, while platinum complexes favored noncoordinative interactions.
  • Specific palladium complexes ([Pd(ttpy)] and [Pd(tMebip)]) showed rapid and efficient G-quadruplex coordination and potent cancer cell growth inhibition.

Conclusions:

  • Metal type and organic ligand structure critically influence G-quadruplex DNA binding affinity and mode.
  • Palladium complexes exhibit promising G-quadruplex DNA targeting and anticancer properties.
  • Modulating metal complexes offers a viable strategy for developing novel G-quadruplex-interacting agents.