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Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Stability03:18

Nuclear Stability

Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
To hold positively charged protons together in the...
Additional Subnuclear Structures02:10

Additional Subnuclear Structures

The eukaryotic nucleus is a double membrane-bound organelle that contains nearly all of the cell’s genetic material in the form of chromosomes. It is rightly called the “brain” of the cell as it shoulders the responsibility of responding to various physiological processes, stress, altered metabolic conditions, and other cellular signals. 
The nucleus contains many membrane-less subnuclear organelles or nuclear bodies, such as nucleoli, Cajal bodies, speckles, paraspeckles, etc. These nuclear...
Additional Subnuclear Structures02:10

Additional Subnuclear Structures

The eukaryotic nucleus is a double membrane-bound organelle that contains nearly all of the cell’s genetic material in the form of chromosomes. It is rightly called the “brain” of the cell as it shoulders the responsibility of responding to various physiological processes, stress, altered metabolic conditions, and other cellular signals. 
The nucleus contains many membrane-less subnuclear organelles or nuclear bodies, such as nucleoli, Cajal bodies, speckles, paraspeckles, etc. These nuclear...
Nuclear Binding Energy02:13

Nuclear Binding Energy

The difference between the calculated and experimentally measured masses is known as the mass defect of the atom. In the case of helium-4, the mass defect indicates a “loss” in mass of 4.0331 amu – 4.0026 amu = 0.0305 amu. The loss in mass accompanying the formation of an atom from protons, neutrons, and electrons is due to the conversion of that mass into energy that is evolved as the atom forms. The nuclear binding energy is the energy produced when the atoms’ nucleons are bound together;...
Synteny and Evolution02:31

Synteny and Evolution

John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral chromosome underwent...
Atomic Structure01:33

Atomic Structure

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Updated: May 28, 2026

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
04:52

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

Published on: February 3, 2023

Evolution: functional evolution of nuclear structure.

Katherine L Wilson1, Scott C Dawson

  • 1Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. klwilson@jhmi.edu

The Journal of Cell Biology
|October 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The eukaryotic nucleus evolved with the endomembrane system, with the last eukaryotic common ancestor possessing functional nuclear pore complexes (NPCs). New discoveries reveal proteins involved in nuclear structure and genome partitioning during mitosis.

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A Direct Force Probe for Measuring Mechanical Integration Between the Nucleus and the Cytoskeleton
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A Direct Force Probe for Measuring Mechanical Integration Between the Nucleus and the Cytoskeleton

Published on: July 29, 2018

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Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
04:52

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

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A Direct Force Probe for Measuring Mechanical Integration Between the Nucleus and the Cytoskeleton
05:47

A Direct Force Probe for Measuring Mechanical Integration Between the Nucleus and the Cytoskeleton

Published on: July 29, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The origin of the eukaryotic nucleus, a defining cellular feature, has been a long-standing question in biology.
  • Recent evidence suggests a coevolutionary relationship between nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), nuclear membranes, and the endomembrane system.
  • The last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA) is now understood to have possessed functional NPCs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular components and evolutionary trajectory of the nuclear envelope.
  • To understand the role of specific proteins in the development of nuclear membrane architecture.
  • To explore the connection between nuclear structure evolution and genome segregation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of existing literature and recent research findings.
  • Identification and characterization of nuclear envelope components in Opisthokonts.
  • Comparative genomics and proteomics approaches to study protein functions.

Main Results:

  • Identification of diverse chromatin-binding and adhesive membrane proteins within the nuclear envelope of Opisthokonts.
  • Evidence supporting the coevolution of NPCs and nuclear membranes with the endomembrane system.
  • Links between nucleoskeleton components and genome partitioning during cell division.

Conclusions:

  • The nuclear envelope and NPCs likely evolved in tandem with the endomembrane system, present in the LECA.
  • Specific membrane proteins play crucial roles in shaping nuclear architecture.
  • Nuclear structure evolution is intrinsically linked to the mechanisms of genome partitioning.