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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Function Tests01:25

Pulmonary Function Tests

Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)
Pulmonary Function Tests are crucial diagnostic tools for assessing respiratory function, particularly in patients with chronic respiratory disorders. They comprehensively evaluate lung volumes, ventilatory function, breathing mechanics, diffusion, and gas exchange. These tests help diagnose pulmonary diseases and play a significant role in monitoring disease progression, evaluating disability, and assessing response to therapy.
PFTs involve using a spirometer, a...
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Clinical Assessment for Asthma:
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Medical History
Inhaled Medications01:23

Inhaled Medications

Inhaled medications are crucial for managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. They are essential for effective treatment and control, ensuring optimal respiratory health and well-being. Inhaled medication delivers drugs directly to the lungs, providing a rapid onset of action and reducing systemic side effects compared to oral or injectable medications. Three primary types of inhalation devices are used to administer these medications: nebulizers, metered-dose inhalers...
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary isease (COPD) involves a group of progressive lung disorders characterized by persistent airflow limitation and chronic respiratory symptoms. Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome (ACOS), encompassing features of both asthma and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is a group of progressive lung disorders that includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and refractory (non-reversible) asthma. ACOS leads to complex clinical presentations that combine the inflammatory...
Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I01:26

Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I

Assessing the respiratory rate and rhythm for a complete minute is crucial for evaluating the breathing pattern. Even a minor increase in the patient's average respiratory rate, by as little as three to five breaths per minute, is an early and vital indicator of respiratory distress. Patients with a respiratory rate exceeding twenty-four breaths per minute require close monitoring to determine the physiological alterations. This careful observation is essential for prompt recognition and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Conducting Respiratory Oscillometry in an Outpatient Setting
14:49

Conducting Respiratory Oscillometry in an Outpatient Setting

Published on: April 8, 2022

Incentive spirometry: 2011.

Ruben D Restrepo1, Richard Wettstein, Leo Wittnebel

  • 1Department of Respiratory Care, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA. restrepor@uthscsa.edu

Respiratory Care
|October 20, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Incentive spirometry alone is not recommended for preventing postoperative pulmonary complications. It should be used alongside deep breathing, coughing, and mobilization for best results.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Clinical Practice Guidelines

Background:

  • Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) are a significant concern.
  • Incentive spirometry (IS) is a commonly used intervention to prevent PPCs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To update clinical practice guidelines on the use of incentive spirometry.
  • To provide evidence-based recommendations for preventing PPCs.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of 54 clinical trials and systematic reviews.
  • Searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library databases (Jan 1995 - Apr 2011).
  • Recommendations based on the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system.

Main Results:

  • Incentive spirometry alone is not recommended for routine preoperative/postoperative use to prevent PPCs.
  • IS is recommended in conjunction with deep breathing, coughing, early mobilization, and optimal analgesia.
  • Deep breathing exercises may offer similar benefits to IS.
  • Routine IS is not recommended to prevent atelectasis after upper-abdominal surgery or coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
  • Volume-oriented devices are suggested for IS.

Conclusions:

  • The routine use of incentive spirometry alone is not supported by evidence for preventing PPCs.
  • A multimodal approach including deep breathing techniques and early mobilization is recommended.
  • Specific recommendations are provided for different surgical contexts and device selection.