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Other Pulmonary Disorders

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Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.

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Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...

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Respiratory disorders, a prevalent health concern globally, are generally divided into two primary categories: upper and lower respiratory tract disorders. The categorization is based on the area of the respiratory system they affect.
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Murine Intrapulmonary Tracheal Transplantation: A Model for Investigating Obliterative Airway Disease After Lung Transplantation

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Large airway diseases.

Eun-Young Kang¹

¹Department of Radiology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. keyrad@korea.ac.kr

Journal of Thoracic Imaging

|October 20, 2011

Summary

Computed tomography (CT) is crucial for diagnosing large airway diseases like neoplasms and infections. Advances in CT technology allow for accurate, noninvasive evaluation of tracheobronchial abnormalities, aiding in diagnosis and characterization.

Area of Science:

Radiology
Pulmonology
Medical Imaging

Background:

The tracheobronchial tree is susceptible to various neoplasms and nonneoplastic diseases.
These conditions can lead to significant airway luminal narrowing or dilatation.
Accurate identification and characterization of large airway diseases are essential for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive radiologic review of diseases affecting the large airways.
To highlight the role of computed tomography (CT) in evaluating tracheobronchial abnormalities.
To discuss various congenital, infectious, inflammatory, and neoplastic conditions impacting the large airways.

Main Methods:

Review of radiologic findings associated with large airway diseases.

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Emphasis on the utility of computed tomography (CT) and advanced postprocessing techniques.

Categorization of diseases based on etiology and impact on airway lumen.

Main Results:

Computed tomography (CT) plays a pivotal role in the identification and characterization of large airway diseases.
Advances in CT technology offer rapid, noninvasive, comprehensive, and accurate evaluation.
Diverse conditions including congenital abnormalities, infections, inflammation, neoplasms, bronchiectasis, broncholithiasis, and anthracofibrosis can be effectively assessed.

Conclusions:

Computed tomography (CT) is indispensable for diagnosing a wide spectrum of large airway diseases.
Modern CT techniques facilitate precise, noninvasive assessment of tracheobronchial pathology.
This review underscores the importance of CT in understanding and managing conditions causing airway narrowing or dilatation.