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Evaluating Regional Pulmonary Deposition using Patient-Specific 3D Printed Lung Models
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Thoracic artificial lung impedance studies using computational fluid dynamics and in vitro models.

Rebecca E Schewe1, Khalil M Khanafer, Ryan A Orizondo

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. rschewe@umich.edu

Annals of Biomedical Engineering
|October 20, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study reduced thoracic artificial lung (TAL) impedance by optimizing device angles using computational fluid dynamics. The 45° angle model showed improved flow and significantly lower impedance compared to previous designs.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cardiovascular Engineering
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • Current thoracic artificial lungs (TALs) exhibit higher blood flow impedance than natural lungs, leading to pulmonary hemodynamic abnormalities.
  • Reducing TAL impedance is crucial for improving patient outcomes and device efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reduce thoracic artificial lung (TAL) impedance using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by optimizing inlet and outlet angles.
  • To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of TAL designs with varying angles (15°, 45°, 90°).

Main Methods:

  • Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed on TAL models with different expansion/contraction angles (θ).
  • Pulsatile blood flow was simulated across various flow rates, heart rates, and inlet pulsatilities.

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  • Zeroth and first harmonic impedance moduli (Z(0) and Z(1)) were calculated from pressure and flow data.
  • Selected models (45° and 90°) were validated through in vitro testing.

    • Main Results:

    • CFD indicated that Z(0) impedance increases with stroke volume and angle θ.
    • The 45° model demonstrated superior flow patterns and lower Z(0) compared to the 90° model.
    • In vitro results validated CFD findings, showing Z(0) values 65% lower than previous TAL designs.
    • The first harmonic impedance (Z(1)) was minimal and unlikely to impact hemodynamics significantly.

    Conclusions:

    • The 45° TAL model offers an optimal design for improved flow patterns and reduced blood flow impedance.
    • This optimized design represents a significant advancement over existing TALs, potentially improving pulmonary hemodynamics in patients.
    • CFD is an effective tool for optimizing artificial lung design to minimize hemodynamic disturbances.