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Related Concept Videos

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction01:27

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction

Degenerative disc disease is a chronic condition in which intervertebral discs gradually lose structure and function. It is not infectious or autoimmune; rather, it results from age-related biochemical and mechanical changes, influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors.Structure and Function of DiscsThe spine contains 23 intervertebral discs that absorb load, distribute forces, maintain spacing, and allow flexibility. Each disc consists of a nucleus pulposus, a gel-like core...
Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...
Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary or...
General Structure of a Vertebra01:30

General Structure of a Vertebra

A typical vertebra, with the exception of the sacrum and coccyx, consists of a body, a vertebral arch, and seven different projections termed processes. The anterior portion of the vertebrae, the body, supports about half the body’s weight. The vertebral bodies progressively increase in size and thickness from the cervical region to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. The intervertebral discs present between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae firmly unites them, forming a continuous column.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Surgical Technique for the Implantation of a Biomimetic Artificial Intervertebral Disc in a Goat Animal Model
07:06

Surgical Technique for the Implantation of a Biomimetic Artificial Intervertebral Disc in a Goat Animal Model

Published on: October 10, 2025

An individualized and bioactive artificial intervertebral disc.

Bing Li1, Pei Wang, Hui Li

  • 1Department of Orthopaedics, The General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China.

Orthopaedic Surgery
|October 20, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new artificial intervertebral disc that is bioactive and customized for individual patients, addressing limitations of current non-bioactive, standard-sized prostheses.

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Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Surgical Technique for the Implantation of a Biomimetic Artificial Intervertebral Disc in a Goat Animal Model
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Published on: October 10, 2025

An In Vitro Organ Culture Model of the Murine Intervertebral Disc
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An In Vitro Organ Culture Model of the Murine Intervertebral Disc

Published on: April 11, 2017

Preparation of Intact Bovine Tail Intervertebral Discs for Organ Culture
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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Current total disc replacement prostheses often lack bioactivity and are not individualized.
  • This leads to issues like irreversible attrition and poor patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design a novel artificial intervertebral disc.
  • To ensure the disc is individualized and bioactive.
  • To evaluate the performance of this new disc design.

Main Methods:

  • Design and fabrication of a novel artificial intervertebral disc.
  • Incorporation of bioactive properties.
  • Individualized sizing based on patient anatomy.
  • In vitro and/or in vivo evaluation of the disc's performance.

Main Results:

  • The novel artificial disc design successfully addresses limitations of current prostheses.
  • Demonstrated individualized fit and bioactive potential.
  • Evaluation indicates promising functional and biological performance.

Conclusions:

  • The developed individualized and bioactive artificial intervertebral disc offers a promising alternative to existing implants.
  • This innovation has the potential to improve outcomes in spinal fusion surgery.