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MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

Published on: October 7, 2025

MicroRNAs, an active and versatile group in cancers.

Jeffrey Liu¹, Min Zheng, Ya-Ling Tang

¹Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Nowak, DE 19716, USA.

International Journal of Oral Science

|October 21, 2011

Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators in cancer development, influencing processes like tumor growth and metastasis. Their altered expression makes them promising biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and therapy.

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MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

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Analysis of Combinatorial miRNA Treatments to Regulate Cell Cycle and Angiogenesis

Analysis of Combinatorial miRNA Treatments to Regulate Cell Cycle and Angiogenesis

Published on: March 30, 2019

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genetics
Oncology

Background:

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression via RNA interference.
Thousands of human genes are miRNA-regulated, highlighting their role in biological processes, including cancer.
Deregulation of miRNAs is common in human cancers, where they act as tumor suppressors or oncogenes.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the multifaceted roles of microRNAs in cancer.
To explore the potential of miRNAs as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy.

Main Methods:

Literature review of recent studies on microRNAs in cancer.
Analysis of miRNA involvement in tumorigenesis and cancer progression.

Main Results:

MicroRNAs are implicated in cancer initiation, growth, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis.
MicroRNAs influence cancer-related inflammation, drug resistance, and cancer stem cell regulation.
Altered miRNA expression is a hallmark of many human cancers.

Conclusions:

MicroRNAs play critical roles in various aspects of cancer biology.
MicroRNAs hold significant potential as novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets in oncology.
Further research into miRNAs can advance cancer management strategies.