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Related Concept Videos

Longitudinal Research02:20

Longitudinal Research

Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
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Cross-Sectional Research

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Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite, is responsible for intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis. Though a significant proportion of infections remain asymptomatic, approximately 50 million individuals annually are estimated to present with clinical disease, resulting in up to 100,000 deaths globally. The disease burden is disproportionately high in regions with lower socioeconomic status, such as parts of India, Africa, Mexico, and Latin America.Etiology and TransmissionThe infective...
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Longitudinal Studies

Longitudinal studies are also widely used in other medical and social science fields. For instance, in cardiovascular research, they can monitor patients' health over decades to identify risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol or smoking, and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of preventive measures. Similarly, in mental health studies, researchers might follow individuals from adolescence into adulthood to understand the development and progression of conditions like...
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In a study where individuals posing as strangers offered compliments and proposed casual sex to students, the responses differed significantly based on gender. Not a single woman accepted the proposal, while 70% of the men agreed. This outcome provides a useful scenario to explore through the lens of evolutionary psychology and social learning theory, highlighting the diverse perspectives on human sexual behaviors.
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Risk Estimation and Sexual Behaviour: A Longitudinal Study of 16- 21-year olds.

G M Breakwell1, G M Breakwell

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Surrey, UK.

Journal of Health Psychology
|October 21, 2011
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Adolescents

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Public Health
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Adolescent sexual behavior poses significant public health challenges.
  • Understanding the factors influencing sexual risk-taking is crucial for prevention efforts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the relationships among risk estimation, impulsivity, and sexual risk-taking patterns in adolescents aged 16-21.
  • To determine if risk perception accurately predicts sexual behavior in this age group.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal study involving 576 adolescents (236 males, 340 females) surveyed annually over three years.
  • Data collection included self-reported risk assessments for HIV infection, likelihood of engaging in sexual activities, and actual participation.
  • Impulsivity was measured using a standardized psychometric test.

Main Results:

  • Strong social representations of sexual risks were observed, remaining stable throughout late adolescence.
  • Risk estimates predicted behavioral expectations, particularly for high-risk behaviors and vaginal sex participation in females.
  • Risk perception did not predict sexual behavior in males.
  • Impulsivity was not a significant predictor of expected or actual sexual behavior, but correlated with higher numbers of sexual partners and earlier sexual initiation in females.

Conclusions:

  • While adolescents possess awareness of sexual risks, this perception does not consistently translate into behavior, especially for males.
  • The findings suggest limited evidence for rational decision-making models in adolescent sexual risk-taking.
  • Impulsivity shows a modest association with certain sexual behaviors, indicating a complex interplay of factors.