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Related Concept Videos

Subviral Agents01:29

Subviral Agents

Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Expression and Purification of Virus-like Particles for Vaccination
06:17

Expression and Purification of Virus-like Particles for Vaccination

Published on: June 2, 2016

A novel self-replicating chimeric lentivirus-like particle.

Christy K Jurgens1, Kelly R Young, Victoria J Madden

  • 1Carolina Vaccine Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA. cjurgens@iavi.org

Journal of Virology
|October 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel chimeric virus vaccine candidate to safely mimic lentivirus exposure. This self-replicating particle presents immunogens in a native conformation, offering potential protection against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.

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Last Updated: May 28, 2026

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Production of a SARS-CoV-2 Virus-Like-Particle System to Investigate Viral Life Cycles In Vitro

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Vaccinology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Live attenuated vaccines are effective but pose safety risks for certain viruses like human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
  • Developing a safe, replicating vaccine is crucial for potent protection against HIV infection and disease.
  • Existing attenuated lentivirus vaccine approaches face safety limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel, safe, self-replicating chimeric virus vaccine candidate for HIV.
  • To create a vaccine that mimics natural lentivirus exposure without safety concerns of attenuated lentiviruses.
  • To demonstrate proof of concept for chimeric virus genomes expressing lentivirus structural proteins.

Main Methods:

  • Modified Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEE) genome to express SHIV89.6P Gag and Env proteins.
  • Assembled chimeric lentivirus-like particles (VLPs) incorporating VEE RNA.
  • Infected CD4+ cells with chimeric VLPs to assess replication, protein expression, and progeny generation.
  • Engineered chimeric VLPs for enhanced encapsidation and SIV protease expression for maturation.

Main Results:

  • Chimeric VLPs assembled, resembling lentivirus virions and containing VEE RNA.
  • Infection of CD4+ cells led to specific, productive replication, Gag/Env expression, and progeny VLP generation.
  • Genome modifications improved VLP propagation in cell culture, demonstrating enhanced infectivity and maturation.

Conclusions:

  • A novel chimeric virus vaccine candidate was successfully developed, demonstrating proof of concept.
  • The chimeric VLP system enables presentation of lentivirus immunogens in a native, functional conformation.
  • This approach offers a potentially safer alternative to attenuated lentivirus vaccines for HIV prevention.