Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Transdifferentiation of endothelial progenitor cells into rhabdomyosarcoma defined by hedgehog signaling competence.

Cell reports·2026
Same author

Inhibitory receptor agonists: Emerging strategies in immune modulation.

The Journal of experimental medicine·2026
Same author

Developmental reprogramming underlies chemotherapy resistance in favorable-histology Wilms tumor.

Cell reports·2026
Same author

The history and promise of Treg cells.

Immunity·2025
Same author

CanID: A Robust and Accurate RNA-seq Expression-based Diagnostic Classification Scheme for Pediatric Malignancies.

Genomics, proteomics & bioinformatics·2025
Same author

Perturbation of multiprotein complexes in skeletal muscle induces protective proteases in the CNS that degrade pathogenic proteins.

npj aging·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Naïve and Memory T Cells
14:23

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Naïve and Memory T Cells

Published on: April 16, 2012

The plasticity of regulatory T cell function.

Meenu R Pillai1, Lauren W Collison, Xiaohua Wang

  • 1Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA.

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
|October 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) lacking IL-10 and IL-35 remain functional by upregulating TRAIL. This reveals cross-regulatory pathways controlling Treg suppressive mechanisms and functional plasticity.

More Related Videos

Regulatory T cells: Therapeutic Potential for Treating Transplant Rejection and Type I Diabetes
16:26

Regulatory T cells: Therapeutic Potential for Treating Transplant Rejection and Type I Diabetes

Published on: August 20, 2007

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation
15:33

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation

Published on: August 13, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Naïve and Memory T Cells
14:23

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Naïve and Memory T Cells

Published on: April 16, 2012

Regulatory T cells: Therapeutic Potential for Treating Transplant Rejection and Type I Diabetes
16:26

Regulatory T cells: Therapeutic Potential for Treating Transplant Rejection and Type I Diabetes

Published on: August 20, 2007

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation
15:33

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation

Published on: August 13, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Regulatory T cells (Tregs) employ multiple suppressive mechanisms.
  • The necessity of specific cytokines like IL-10 and IL-35 for maximal Treg function is established.
  • Interrelationships and cross-regulatory control of Treg suppressive mechanisms remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional capacity of Tregs deficient in both IL-10 and IL-35.
  • To elucidate the compensatory mechanisms and regulatory pathways governing Treg suppressive functions.
  • To determine the role of TRAIL in Treg function when IL-10 and IL-35 are absent.

Main Methods:

  • Generation and functional assessment of IL-10/IL-35 double-deficient Tregs in vitro and in vivo.
  • Analysis of cathepsin E (Ctse) and TRAIL (Tnfsf10) expression and release.
  • Comparison of Treg function and dependence on suppressive mechanisms across different mouse strains (C57BL/6 and BALB/c).

Main Results:

  • IL-10/IL-35 double-deficient Tregs exhibited full functional capacity.
  • Loss of IL-10 and IL-35 was compensated by increased cathepsin E and TRAIL expression, leading to TRAIL-dependent suppression.
  • BALB/c Tregs, with naturally high cathepsin E and TRAIL, showed partial default TRAIL dependence.

Conclusions:

  • Cross-regulatory pathways exist to control the utilization of Treg suppressive mechanisms.
  • Treg functional plasticity is achieved through compensatory mechanisms, such as TRAIL upregulation.
  • These findings provide insights into the complex regulation of immune suppression by Tregs.