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Related Concept Videos

Vesicular Tubular Clusters01:45

Vesicular Tubular Clusters

After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
With the help of motor proteins such...
COP Coated Vesicles00:59

COP Coated Vesicles

Membrane-enclosed structures called vesicles transport proteins and lipids across the cell. The vesicles derive their cargo from the plasma membrane, Golgi, ER, or endosome. Coated vesicles are spherical, protein-coated carriers with a 50–100 nm diameter that mediate bidirectional transport between the ER and the Golgi. The distribution of proteins between the ER and Golgi complex is dynamic and is maintained by different coated vesicles. Their formation is driven by the assembly of different...
Transport Across the Golgi01:26

Transport Across the Golgi

While it is unclear how molecules move between adjacent Golgi cisternae, it is apparent that the molecules move from cis- cisterna, the entry face, to the trans- cisterna, the exit face. Experiments initially suggested vesicles that bud from one cisterna and fuse with the next cisterna to transport proteins between the cisternae. This vesicular transport model describes the Golgi apparatus as a relatively static structure with a unique enzyme composition in each cisterna. Molecules are...
Golgi Apparatus01:49

Golgi Apparatus

As they leave the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), properly folded and assembled proteins are selectively packaged into vesicles. These vesicles are transported by microtubule-based motor proteins and fuse together to form vesicular tubular clusters, subsequently arriving at the Golgi apparatus, a eukaryotic endomembrane organelle that often has a distinctive ribbon-like appearance.
Golgi Apparatus01:09

Golgi Apparatus

Properly folded and assembled proteins are selectively packaged into vesicles that exit the ER. Motor proteins transport these vesicles to the Golgi apparatus for adding modifications that make these proteins functional at their destination.
The Golgi apparatus is a eukaryotic organelle that has a distinctive ribbon-like appearance. It is a primary sorting and dispatch station for cargo arriving from the ER. Newly arriving vesicles enter the cis face of the Golgi, closest to the ER, and are...
Golgi Apparatus01:09

Golgi Apparatus

Properly folded and assembled proteins are selectively packaged into vesicles that exit the ER. Motor proteins transport these vesicles to the Golgi apparatus for adding modifications that make these proteins functional at their destination.
The Golgi apparatus is a eukaryotic organelle that has a distinctive ribbon-like appearance. It is a primary sorting and dispatch station for cargo arriving from the ER. Newly arriving vesicles enter the cis face of the Golgi, closest to the ER, and are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Analysis of Endocytic Uptake and Retrograde Transport to the Trans-Golgi Network Using Functionalized Nanobodies in Cultured Cells
11:05

Analysis of Endocytic Uptake and Retrograde Transport to the Trans-Golgi Network Using Functionalized Nanobodies in Cultured Cells

Published on: February 21, 2019

COPII and COPI traffic at the ER-Golgi interface.

Tomasz Szul1, Elizabeth Sztul

  • 1Department of Cell Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.

Physiology (Bethesda, Md.)
|October 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Protein transport relies on COPII and COPI coat machineries for vesicle formation. Tethers and SNAREs ensure vesicle fusion at the ER-Golgi interface, maintaining cellular homeostasis.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Protein trafficking is essential for eukaryotic cell homeostasis.
  • Secretory and endolysosomal proteins move from the ER to the Golgi for further processing and delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the COPII and COPI coating machineries involved in vesicle formation.
  • To explain the roles of tethers and SNAREs in vesicle fusion at the ER-Golgi interface.

Main Methods:

  • The study focuses on describing the molecular machinery involved in protein transport.
  • Key components like COPII, COPI, tethers, and SNAREs are discussed.

Main Results:

  • COPII and COPI coat proteins form transport vesicles.

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Quantitative Localization of a Golgi Protein by Imaging Its Center of Fluorescence Mass
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Quantitative Localization of a Golgi Protein by Imaging Its Center of Fluorescence Mass

Published on: August 10, 2017

Live-cell Imaging of Endocytic Transport using Functionalized Nanobodies in Cultured Cells
08:02

Live-cell Imaging of Endocytic Transport using Functionalized Nanobodies in Cultured Cells

Published on: October 17, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Analysis of Endocytic Uptake and Retrograde Transport to the Trans-Golgi Network Using Functionalized Nanobodies in Cultured Cells
11:05

Analysis of Endocytic Uptake and Retrograde Transport to the Trans-Golgi Network Using Functionalized Nanobodies in Cultured Cells

Published on: February 21, 2019

Quantitative Localization of a Golgi Protein by Imaging Its Center of Fluorescence Mass
13:08

Quantitative Localization of a Golgi Protein by Imaging Its Center of Fluorescence Mass

Published on: August 10, 2017

Live-cell Imaging of Endocytic Transport using Functionalized Nanobodies in Cultured Cells
08:02

Live-cell Imaging of Endocytic Transport using Functionalized Nanobodies in Cultured Cells

Published on: October 17, 2025

  • Tethers and SNARE proteins mediate the fusion of these vesicles with target compartments.

    • Conclusions:

    • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for maintaining cellular function.
    • The described machineries are fundamental to the secretory pathway.