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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Intraoperative Ultrasound in Spinal Surgery
05:53

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Published on: August 17, 2022

Primary spinal epidural lymphomas.

Goutham Cugati1, Manish Singh, Anil Pande

  • 1Dr. Achanta Lakshmipathi Neurosurgical Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Neurological Surgery, VHS Medical Centre, Taramani, India.

Journal of Craniovertebral Junction & Spine
|October 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Primary spinal epidural lymphoma (PSEL) is a rare condition, increasingly diagnosed with advanced imaging. This study systematically reviews PSEL

Keywords:
Epidural tumorsprimary spinal epidural lymphomasspinal lymphomas

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Neurology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Primary spinal epidural lymphoma (PSEL) is a rare neoplastic condition affecting the epidural space.
  • While accounting for a small percentage of all lymphomas (0.1-6.5%), PSEL diagnosis is rising due to improved imaging sensitivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically analyze the existing literature on Primary Spinal Epidural Lymphoma (PSEL).
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of PSEL, including its clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed for articles published between 1961 and January 2011.
  • Search terms included "primary," "spinal," "epidural," and "lymphoma."
  • Key articles and their bibliographies were analyzed to gather data.

Main Results:

  • The review analyzed symptoms, pathogenesis, diagnostic workup, histopathology, treatment strategies, and patient outcomes for PSEL.
  • Data synthesis focused on understanding the characteristics and clinical course of this rare lymphoma subtype.

Conclusions:

  • PSEL is an uncommon but increasingly recognized entity within the spectrum of lymphomas.
  • A systematic understanding of PSEL's multifaceted aspects is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective patient care.