Cardiovascular magnetic resonance: physics and terminology

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (CMR) Imaging
• Medical Imaging Physics
• Cardiac Diagnostics

Background:

• Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is a specialized branch of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
• It addresses the unique challenges posed by cardiac and blood motion within the body.
• MRI offers exceptional flexibility in imaging diverse tissue characteristics and flow dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

• To demystify the fundamental principles of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR).
• To provide a foundational understanding of CMR terminology for users.
• To facilitate the application of modern CMR methods in clinical and research settings.

Main Methods:

• Explains the adaptation of MRI acquisition methods for cardiac imaging.
• Details how image contrast can be enhanced using contrast agents.
• Covers 2D and 3D acquisition capabilities with flexible slice orientations.

Main Results:

• Highlights MRI's capability to visualize proton density, T1, T2, T2*, fat concentration, flow, and diffusion.
• Emphasizes the complexity inherent in MRI principles and clinical optimization.
• Establishes the value of understanding MRI terminology for effective CMR application.

Conclusions:

• Knowledge of basic MRI principles and terminology is crucial for understanding and applying CMR.
• This article serves as an introductory primer to CMR concepts.
• It includes a glossary and references for further educational support.