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A Mouse Tumor Model of Surgical Stress to Explore the Mechanisms of Postoperative Immunosuppression and Evaluate Novel Perioperative Immunotherapies
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Perioperative period: immunological modifications.

F Cardinale1, I Chinellato, S Caimmi

  • 1Department of Allergy and Pulmonology, Pediatric Hospital Giovanni XXIII, University of Bari, Bari, Italy. fabiocardinale@libero.it

International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology
|October 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Surgical stress triggers significant immune and inflammatory responses, increasing sepsis risk after major surgery. This involves an initial inflammatory phase followed by immunosuppression, impairing the body's defense mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Surgical Physiology
  • Trauma Response

Background:

  • Surgical stress causes complex hemodynamic, metabolic, neuro-hormonal, and immune changes.
  • The extent of these alterations is influenced by pre-operative factors, trauma severity, and post-operative complications (multiple hit hypothesis).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the immune and inflammatory response following surgical trauma.
  • To understand the mechanisms predisposing patients to sepsis after major surgery.

Main Methods:

  • The study reviews the innate and adaptive immune system's response to surgical injury.
  • It examines the roles of inflammatory and compensatory anti-inflammatory (or immunosuppressive) response (CARS) pathways.

Main Results:

  • Surgery initiates an immune-inflammatory response at the injury site via the innate immune system.
  • This is followed by a compensatory anti-inflammatory (or immunosuppressive) response (CARS) involving adaptive immunity.
  • An up-regulated inflammatory response and impaired macrophage/cell-mediated immunity increase sepsis susceptibility.

Conclusions:

  • The combined inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects post-surgery significantly heighten the risk of developing sepsis.
  • Understanding these immune modulations is crucial for managing post-operative complications and improving patient outcomes.