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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...
Allergic Reactions02:06

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Overview
Adrenergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses01:30

Adrenergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses

Adrenergic agonists have diverse therapeutic uses across various medical conditions and emergencies.
Emergency and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) applications: Pressor agents increase blood pressure, heart rate, and contractility in shock and organ failure situations. Dopamine can induce vasodilation and stimulate adrenoceptors. Endogenous catecholamines are effective in treating cardiogenic shock. α2-agonists like clonidine can reverse anesthesia-induced hypertension.
Allergies and anaphylaxis:...
Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...

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Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma
14:39

Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma

Published on: November 4, 2010

Perioperative allergy: therapy.

G B Pajno1, G Crisafulli, L Caminiti

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.

International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology
|October 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Perioperative allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis during anesthesia, present diverse symptoms that can be masked by anesthetic conditions. Prompt diagnosis and treatment with adrenaline and fluids are crucial for effective management.

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Perioperative allergic reactions present diverse clinical manifestations.
  • Systemic reactions often occur during intravenous anesthesia induction but can be delayed with other administration routes.
  • Anaphylaxis signs during anesthesia may be obscured by physiological factors like hypovolemia or anesthetic depth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the presentation and management of perioperative allergic reactions.
  • To provide evidence-based recommendations for diagnosing and treating anaphylaxis in the perioperative setting.
  • To propose a treatment algorithm for perioperative allergic reactions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing evidence on perioperative allergic reactions.
  • Analysis of clinical presentations and diagnostic challenges.
  • Development of a treatment algorithm based on current guidelines and evidence.

Main Results:

  • Anaphylaxis symptoms during anesthesia are similar to general anaphylaxis but can be masked.
  • Adrenaline titration and fluid therapy are recommended as first-line treatments.
  • A structured treatment algorithm aids in prompt and correct management.

Conclusions:

  • Early recognition and management of perioperative allergic reactions are essential.
  • Adrenaline and fluid resuscitation form the cornerstone of initial treatment.
  • Further focus on this area can improve patient outcomes through timely interventions.