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Related Concept Videos

Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
Bacterial Meningitis01:24

Bacterial Meningitis

Bacterial meningitis is a severe infectious disease involving inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It occurs when pathogenic bacteria cross the blood–brain barrier and enter the cerebrospinal fluid. Common causative organisms include Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli K1. The exact route of entry varies by pathogen and host condition.Routes of Entry...
Brain Abscess l: Introduction01:26

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial infections,...
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Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...

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Updated: May 28, 2026

A Pediatric Concussion Model in Mice: Closed Head Injury with Long-Term Disorders (CHILD)
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[Post-traumatic meningitis in children: eleven years' analysis].

Sara Figueiredo Santos1, Fernanda Rodrigues, Andrea Dias

  • 1Unidade de Infecciologia Pediátrica, Serviço de Neurocirurgia, Centro de Desenvolvimento da Criança, Hospital Pediátrico de Coimbra, Coimbra.

Acta Medica Portuguesa
|October 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Pediatric bacterial meningitis can occur years after head trauma with basilar skull fractures and cerebrospinal fluid leaks. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common cause, highlighting the need for vigilance and pneumococcal vaccination.

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Published on: November 5, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Neurotrauma
  • Epidemiology

Context:

  • Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common pediatric emergency.
  • Severe TBI, particularly with basilar skull fractures, carries a risk of bacterial meningitis.
  • Post-traumatic meningitis is a serious, potentially fatal complication.

Purpose:

  • To detail the clinical and laboratory findings of pediatric post-traumatic meningitis.
  • To identify causative bacteria and patient outcomes.
  • To assess the incidence of meningitis in children with head trauma.

Summary:

  • A retrospective review identified four cases of pediatric bacterial meningitis following head trauma over 11 years.
  • All cases involved basilar skull fractures and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage, with a median delay of over a year from injury to meningitis onset.
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most frequent pathogen; one child died, and another experienced facial palsy.

Impact:

  • Bacterial meningitis is a significant risk following head trauma with basilar skull fractures and CSF leakage, even years later.
  • The findings support pneumococcal vaccination for children with such injuries.
  • Vigilant, multidisciplinary follow-up is crucial for these high-risk pediatric patients.