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Related Concept Videos

The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...
Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions

Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
Some...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

A Novel Stromal Fibroblast-Modulated 3D Tumor Spheroid Model for Studying Tumor-Stroma Interaction and Drug Discovery
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Tumor-stroma interactions a trademark for metastasis.

Monica Morales1, Evarist Planet, Anna Arnal-Estape

  • 1Oncology Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain.

Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland)
|October 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Genes associated with metastasis support tumor spread and colonization. These genes are linked to immune responses and cell communication, crucial for distant tumor development and relapse risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Metastasis is a complex process involving gene expression changes in primary tumors.
  • Identifying genes that drive metastasis is crucial for understanding cancer progression and developing targeted therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify genes significantly associated with metastasis.
  • To elucidate the functional pathways supporting disseminated tumor growth.
  • To explore the clinical relevance of metastasis-associated genes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of publicly available primary tumor gene expression datasets.
  • Utilized R and Bioconductor for statistical analysis and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA).
  • Focused on pathways related to immune infiltration and cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions.

Main Results:

  • Identified genes significantly correlated with metastasis.
  • Enrichment analysis revealed pathways involved in immune infiltration and cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions.
  • Highlighted TGFBR2 and TGF-beta signaling as key mediators of tumor-stroma interactions facilitating lung and bone metastasis.

Conclusions:

  • Tumor-stroma communication via cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions is selected in primary tumors with high metastatic potential.
  • These pathways are critical for initiating distant metastases and supporting their development.
  • Findings underscore the role of intercellular communication in metastatic progression and relapse risk.