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DNA Microarrays

DNA Microarrays

Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...

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Genetic Screens

Genetic screens are tools used to identify genes and mutations responsible for phenotypes of interest. Genetic screens help identify individuals or a group of people at risk of developing genetic diseases and help them with early intervention, targeted therapy, and reproductive options.
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Forward or “classical” genetic screens involve creating random mutations in an organism’s DNA using radiation, mutagens, or insertion of additional bases, which result in visible changes...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (Array CGH) for Detection of Genomic Copy Number Variants

Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (Array CGH) for Detection of Genomic Copy Number Variants

Published on: February 21, 2015

Is gene array testing to be considered routine now?

Soonmyung Paik¹

¹NSAB Foundation, Pittsburgh, USA, and Samsung Cancer Research Institute, Seoul, South Korea. soon.paik@nsabp.org

Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland)

|October 22, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

OncotypeDx is recommended for routine breast cancer prognosis due to level IB evidence, while other gene expression tests primarily offer prognostic value for specific patient subsets. Further trials are needed to confirm predictive capabilities for chemotherapy benefit.

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Last Updated: May 28, 2026

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DNA Microarrays: Sample Quality Control, Array Hybridization and Scanning

DNA Microarrays: Sample Quality Control, Array Hybridization and Scanning

Published on: March 15, 2011

Area of Science:

Oncology
Genomics
Biomarker Discovery

Background:

Multiple multi-gene expression prognostic tests exist for breast cancer.
These tests claim to offer prognostic information beyond conventional markers.
Their clinical utility for guiding systemic therapy is under review.

Purpose of the Study:

To review evidence for the clinical utility of five multi-gene expression based prognostic tests for breast cancer.
To determine if any of these tests should be considered for routine clinical use.
To assess their prognostic and predictive claims.

Main Methods:

Systematic review of peer-reviewed publications, meeting abstracts, and company data.
Evaluation based on analytical validity, regulatory approval, and level of clinical utility evidence.
Assessment of evidence supporting prognostic and predictive claims.

Main Results:

OncotypeDx has level IB evidence and is incorporated into US clinical guidelines for routine use.
Mammaprint, MapQuant Dx, and PAM50 provide robust prognostic information but lack definitive evidence for predicting chemotherapy benefit.
Gene expression assays, particularly those measuring proliferation, are most informative for the ER+HER2- subset.

Conclusions:

OncotypeDx is suitable for routine clinical use as an adjunct to standard information.
Other gene expression tests are primarily useful for prognostication, especially in the ER+HER2- subset.
Further randomized trials are required to establish the predictive utility of these assays for chemotherapy benefit.