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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry
12:14

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Published on: August 12, 2013

Study on the wide-angle Michelson interferometer with large air gap.

Haiyang Gao1, Yuanhe Tang, Dengxin Hua

  • 1School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, No. 5 South Jinhua Road, Xi’an 710048, China.

Applied Optics
|October 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary

A novel wide-angle Michelson interferometer uses a large air gap to enable practical ground-based upper atmosphere wind measurements. This design reduces size and material constraints, proving feasible through theory and experiment.

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Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric physics
  • Optical instrumentation
  • Interferometry

Background:

  • Ground-based atmospheric measurements are crucial for understanding upper atmosphere dynamics.
  • Traditional interferometers face limitations in size and material constraints.
  • Developing compact and practical instruments is essential for advanced atmospheric studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and validate a wide-angle Michelson interferometer with a large air gap.
  • To reduce the physical size and material dependency of interferometric instruments.
  • To enable practical ground-based wind measurements of the upper atmosphere.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical calculation of field widening conditions for large air gaps.
  • Optimization of glass arm pairs for specific spectral lines and optical path differences.
  • Experimental validation using a wide-angle Michelson interferometer with H-K9L glass arms.

Main Results:

  • Optimal air gaps determined for multiple spectral lines (e.g., 1.0 cm for 557.7 nm).
  • A specific glass arm pair (1.5 cm air gap, 5.765 cm H-ZF12, 2.956 cm H-ZLaF54) demonstrated superior field widening.
  • Experimental results showed minimal optical path difference (OPD) variations (within 0.27 wavelengths) at the image edge, aligning with theoretical predictions.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed wide-angle Michelson interferometer with a large air gap is a novel and practical instrument.
  • The design effectively reduces instrument size and material constraints.
  • Both theoretical analysis and experimental data confirm the feasibility and practicality for upper atmosphere wind measurement.