DMSO and retinoic acid induce HL-60 differentiation by different but converging pathways

The expression of c-myc and two calcium-binding proteins, MRP8 and MRP14, has been analyzed in wild-type and differentiation-resistant HL-60 variants. In HL-R5 cells, resistant to the induction of differentiation by retinoic acid but not DMSO, the characteristic c-myc down-regulation which is associated with HL-60 differentiation, as well as increased levels of MRP8 and MRP14, is detectable only after DMSO treatment. By contrast HL-D4 cells, which were selected for resistance to the induction of differentiation by DMSO alone, are actually resistant to both DMSO and retinoic acid. However, treatment of HL-D4 cells with DMSO results in a transient c-myc down-regulation in the absence of either growth arrest or induction of differentiation. Neither agent can induce an increase in the level of either MRP8 or MRP14 in HL-D4. The resistance of HL-D4 cells to DMSO and retinoic acid, and the different effects of these agents on c-myc RNA levels, despite their common effect on the expression of MRP8 and MRP14, suggest that the two agents act through different pathways which coverage before the onset of myeloid differentiation in HL-60 cells.