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Exon Recombination02:32

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The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
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3D Culturing of Organoids from the Intestinal Villi Epithelium Undergoing Dedifferentiation
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Published on: April 1, 2021

Cdx regulates Dll1 in multiple lineages.

Stephanie Grainger1, Jennifer Lam, Joanne G A Savory

  • 1Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

Developmental Biology
|October 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vertebrate Cdx genes are crucial for embryonic development and intestinal cell differentiation. This study reveals Cdx transcription factors regulate the Notch ligand Dll1, impacting somitogenesis and goblet cell lineage specification.

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Real-time Bioluminescence Imaging of Notch Signaling Dynamics during Murine Neurogenesis
10:25

Real-time Bioluminescence Imaging of Notch Signaling Dynamics during Murine Neurogenesis

Published on: December 12, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Vertebrate Cdx genes (Cdx1, Cdx2, Cdx4) are homeodomain transcription factors vital for embryonic anterior-posterior patterning, axial elongation, and intestinal development.
  • While Cdx gene functions are recognized, the precise molecular mechanisms remain less understood, particularly concerning their roles in somite formation and intestinal cell differentiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the Cdx-dependent molecular mechanisms underlying somitogenesis and intestinal cell differentiation.
  • To investigate the relationship between Cdx transcription factors and Notch signaling pathways in these developmental processes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of Cdx1-Cdx2 conditional mutants in mouse models.
  • Examination of gene expression, specifically focusing on the Notch ligand Dll1.
  • In vivo and in vitro promoter occupancy assays for Cdx members on the Dll1 promoter.
  • Genetic interaction analysis between Cdx and Dll1 pathways.

Main Results:

  • Reduced expression of the Notch ligand Dll1 was observed in Cdx mutants within both the intestinal epithelium and paraxial mesoderm.
  • Cdx transcription factors were found to bind directly to the Dll1 promoter, both in vivo and in vitro.
  • Genetic analyses confirmed an interaction between Cdx and Dll1 pathways, influencing somitogenesis and goblet cell differentiation.

Conclusions:

  • Cdx transcription factors function upstream of Dll1 to regulate distinct developmental processes.
  • These findings highlight a conserved mechanism where Cdx proteins control Dll1 expression for specific roles in somitogenesis and intestinal lineage determination.