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Published on: December 15, 2011
Transglutaminase 2: a molecular Swiss army knife
Soner Gundemir1, Gozde Colak, Janusz Tucholski
1Department of Pharmacology, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
|October 22, 2011
Summary
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is a versatile protein with diverse functions and locations. Its specific role in cell death depends on its cellular context, conformation, and activity.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Cell Biology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is widely expressed across cell types.
- TG2 exhibits diverse enzymatic and structural activities, including transamidation and nucleotide binding.
- TG2 displays significant conformational flexibility and subcellular localization diversity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the conformational and functional diversity of TG2.
- To elucidate the role of TG2 in various cellular processes.
- To highlight how TG2's differential localization, conformation, and activities mediate cell death.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of TG2 research.
- Analysis of TG2 structure-function relationships.
- Synthesis of data on TG2 localization and activity.
Main Results:
- TG2 possesses multiple activities: transamidating, protein disulfide isomerase, and nucleotide binding/hydrolysis.
- TG2 localizes to cytosol, nucleus, cell membrane, mitochondria, and extracellular matrix.
- TG2's role in cell death is context-dependent (cell type, stimuli, localization, conformation).
Conclusions:
- TG2's versatility is key to its broad physiological and pathological roles.
- Understanding TG2's diverse states is crucial for assessing its impact on cellular processes, particularly cell death.
- Differential TG2 localization, conformation, and activity distinctly mediate cell death pathways.
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