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Related Concept Videos

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction01:26

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...
Cranial Nerves: Types Part I01:14

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Cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting motor and sensory information between the brain and various parts of the body. There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves, with the first six being essential in sensory perception, motor control, and autonomic functions related to the head and neck.
Olfactory Nerve (Cranial Nerve I)
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Toxidromes are specific patterns of symptoms resulting from toxic substance exposure. They help in the identification and treatment of poisoning. The symptoms of each toxidrome group indicate poisoning by a certain class of chemicals or drugs.1. Sympathomimetic: Stimulates the sympathetic nervous system. Symptoms include agitation, increased heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), respiratory rate (RR), temperature, and pupil size. Drugs like cocaine and amphetamines, along with tremors and...
Sympathetic Pathways: Sympathetic Chain Ganglia01:20

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The sympathetic chain ganglia, also known as the sympathetic trunk ganglia or paravertebral ganglia, are a series of ganglia located bilaterally on either side of the spinal column. These ganglia serve as relay stations for the sympathetic nervous system. Preganglionic neurons originating in the spinal cord project their axons to the sympathetic chain ganglia. Within the ganglia, these preganglionic fibers synapse with postganglionic neurons.The postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic trunk...
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Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the posterior columns...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Subcutaneous Trigeminal Nerve Field Stimulation for Refractory Facial Pain
09:35

Subcutaneous Trigeminal Nerve Field Stimulation for Refractory Facial Pain

Published on: May 10, 2017

Trigeminal trophic syndrome: a rare entity.

Sunil N Mishra1, Chitra S Nayak, Deepal J Deshpande

  • 1Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases, TNMC and BYL Nair Ch. Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology
|October 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Trigeminal trophic syndrome, a rare condition causing facial ulcers, can develop after trigeminal nerve injury. Early diagnosis and treatment with patient education and topical antibiotics effectively healed ulcerations in a reported case.

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Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Subcutaneous Trigeminal Nerve Field Stimulation for Refractory Facial Pain
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Published on: May 10, 2017

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Published on: July 5, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Trigeminal trophic syndrome (TTS) is a rare condition characterized by facial ulcerations.
  • It arises from self-inflicted skin damage following trigeminal system injury.

Observation:

  • A 60-year-old woman developed TTS after a gasserian ganglion block for trigeminal neuralgia.
  • She also presented with melasma within one year of the procedure.

Findings:

  • The patient experienced anaesthesia, paraesthesia, and recurrent facial ulcerations, consistent with TTS.
  • Diagnosis was facilitated by prior physician experience with the syndrome.

Implications:

  • Proper patient education and topical antibiotic therapy led to complete ulcer healing within 4 weeks.
  • This case highlights the importance of recognizing TTS and the efficacy of conservative management.