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How is ozone pollution reducing our food supply?

Sally Wilkinson1, Gina Mills, Rosemary Illidge

  • 1Lancaster Environment Centre, University of Lancaster, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK. sally.wilkinson@lancaster.ac.uk

Journal of Experimental Botany
|October 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Ground-level ozone pollution significantly reduces global crop yields, impacting food security. This issue is expected to worsen with climate change and increased emissions.

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Plant Physiology

Background:

  • Ground-level ozone pollution is a significant environmental stressor.
  • Ozone pollution is already decreasing global crop yields for key staples like maize, wheat, and soybean.
  • This problem is projected to intensify due to climate change and rising ozone precursor emissions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the multifaceted impacts of ozone pollution on crop yield.
  • To highlight the implications of ozone pollution for global food security.
  • To emphasize the exacerbation of ozone's effects under predicted future climate conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of existing scientific literature on ozone's effects on crops.
  • Analysis of physiological and morphological responses of various crop genotypes to ozone exposure.
  • Consideration of environmental factors and climate change projections influencing ozone impacts.

Main Results:

  • Ozone induces visible foliage injury, premature leaf senescence, and abscission.
  • It impairs carbon uptake by reducing stomatal aperture and photosynthetic rates.
  • Ozone negatively affects biomass accumulation, carbon translocation to edible parts, and nutrient/water uptake by roots.
  • It can cause flowering abnormalities, pollen sterility, ovule/grain abortion, and reduced tolerance to other environmental stresses like drought.

Conclusions:

  • Ozone pollution poses a substantial threat to global crop production and food security.
  • The detrimental effects of ozone on crops are diverse, affecting multiple physiological processes.
  • Future climate conditions are likely to amplify the negative impacts of ozone on agriculture, necessitating mitigation strategies.