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Different impacts of cardiovascular risk factors on oxidative stress

Maria L Mansego1, Josep Redon, Sergio Martinez-Hervas

  • 1Genotyping and Genetic Diagnosis Unit, Research Foundation of Hospital Clínico; Avenida Blasco Ibañez, 17, Valencia 46010, Spain; E-Mails: Sebastian.Blesa@uv.es (S.B); veronica.gonzalez@uv.es (V.G.-A.); felipe.chaves@uv.es (F.J.C.).

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|October 22, 2011
PubMed

Insights

Cardiovascular risk factors like hypertension increase oxidative stress by activating pro-oxidant enzymes and reducing antioxidant defenses. This imbalance contributes to disease progression.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cardiology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Oxidative stress (OS) is implicated in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).
  • Understanding OS in specific CVD risk factors is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate oxidative stress status in individuals with hypertension (HT), familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), and familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCH).
  • To investigate the interplay between pro-oxidant and antioxidant systems in these high-risk groups.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed mRNA levels of oxidative stress markers, antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase), pro-oxidant enzymes (NAPDH oxidase components), and antioxidant genes in mononuclear cells.
  • Measured activity of selected antioxidant enzymes.
  • Compared 90 patients with CVD risk factors against 20 healthy controls.

Main Results:

  • Patients exhibited elevated OS and pro-oxidant gene expression compared to controls.
  • Hypertensive subjects showed the highest OS and pro-oxidant activation, with reduced antioxidant activity and gene induction.
  • FH and FCH groups also displayed increased pro-oxidant and decreased antioxidant enzyme activity relative to controls, though less pronounced than in HT.

Conclusions:

  • Increased oxidative status in CVD risk factors results from enhanced pro-oxidant activity and diminished antioxidant capacity.
  • Dysfunctional antioxidant systems, particularly cytoplasmic ones, significantly contribute to OS, despite thioredoxin system activation attempts.

Keywords:
combined familial dyslipidemiafamilial hypercholesterolemiaglutathione peroxidasehypertensionmRNAoxidative stresssuperoxide dismutases

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