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Updated: May 28, 2026

Cigarette Smoke Exposure in Mice using a Whole-Body Inhalation System
06:07

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Published on: October 22, 2020

Smoking, cognitive function and mortality in a U.S. national cohort study.

Richard F Gillum1, John Kwagyan, Thomas O Obisesan

  • 1Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine, Howard University, 2041 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20060, USA. rfg2.howard.edu@gmail.com

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|October 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Older adults with higher cognitive function have a lower mortality risk. Smoking significantly increases mortality risk, but cognitive function does not modify this effect in elderly Americans.

Keywords:
cotininememorymortalitysmoking

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Previous research links low cognitive function and smoking to increased mortality.
  • The impact of cognitive function on mortality risk among elderly smokers and former smokers remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interaction between cognitive function and smoking on mortality risk in older adults.
  • To assess recall bias in smoking history using serum cotinine levels, particularly in relation to cognitive function.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of a longitudinal mortality follow-up study of 4,916 American adults aged 60 and over.
  • Baseline measurements included smoking history, Short Index of Cognitive Function (SICF), serum cotinine, and socio-demographics.
  • Proportional hazards regression was used to analyze mortality over an average 8.5-year follow-up period.

Main Results:

  • Current smoking was associated with a more than 2-fold increase in mortality (HR 2.13).
  • Higher SICF scores were associated with a 32% reduction in mortality (HR 0.68).
  • Serum cotinine indicated recall bias in smoking history among those with cognitive impairment, but corrections did not change main conclusions.

Conclusions:

  • In older Americans, high cognitive function is independently associated with lower mortality risk.
  • Current smoking significantly increases mortality risk, independent of cognitive function.
  • No significant interaction was found between cognitive function and smoking status regarding mortality risk.