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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic cells are...

EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research

EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research

Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are excellent models for disease research because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into most cell types. Somatic cells from a patient are isolated and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs. These iPSCs are later differentiated into the desired cell type, which mirrors the diseased cell of the patient. In this way, disease models have been created for investigating diseases such as Down syndrome, type I diabetes,...

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...

Source And Potency Of Stem Cells

Source And Potency Of Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with extensive self-renewal properties that help them maintain their population during the fetal and adult stages of life. They can specialize in all cell types of the human body. However, their differential potential may vary and can be classified into five types. Stem cells can be (1) Totipotent, (2) Pluripotent, (3) Multipotent, (4) Oligopotent, and (5) Unipotent. Each stem cell has a specific origin; the fertilized egg or zygote is a totipotent cell and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

A Guide to Generating and Using hiPSC Derived NPCs for the Study of Neurological Diseases

A Guide to Generating and Using hiPSC Derived NPCs for the Study of Neurological Diseases

Published on: February 21, 2015

Pluripotent stem cells for the study of CNS development.

Timothy J Petros¹, Jennifer A Tyson, Stewart A Anderson

¹Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College New York, NY, USA.

Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience

|October 22, 2011

Summary

Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) offer a powerful tool for studying mammalian neurodevelopment. Researchers can use PSCs to generate diverse neural cell types in vitro, advancing our understanding of brain development.

Keywords:

derivation development embryonic nervous system neurons pluripotent stem cells

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The Specification of Telencephalic Glutamatergic Neurons from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

The Specification of Telencephalic Glutamatergic Neurons from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

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A Guide to Generating and Using hiPSC Derived NPCs for the Study of Neurological Diseases

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2D and 3D Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Models to Dissect Primary Cilium Involvement during Neocortical Development

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The Specification of Telencephalic Glutamatergic Neurons from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

The Specification of Telencephalic Glutamatergic Neurons from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: April 14, 2013

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Biology
Stem Cell Biology

Background:

The mammalian central nervous system (CNS) comprises diverse neuronal subtypes generated through complex developmental processes.
Understanding the molecular and genetic mechanisms driving neurodevelopment from uniform progenitors is a significant scientific challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the potential of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) for studying mammalian neurodevelopment.
To highlight how PSCs can address key questions in neural development research.
To encourage innovative strategies for using PSCs in neurodevelopmental studies.

Main Methods:

Reviewing existing literature and strategies for generating diverse neural subtypes from PSCs.
Discussing various technologies employed in PSC-based neural differentiation.
Highlighting specific examples of well-characterized PSC-derived neurons.

Main Results:

PSCs enable in vitro generation of diverse neural populations, including spinal motoneurons, midbrain dopaminergic neurons, and cortical neurons.
PSC technology provides a valuable model for investigating neurodevelopmental questions.
The review outlines strategies and technologies for deriving specific neuronal subtypes.

Conclusions:

Utilizing PSCs for studying neurodevelopment is a critical, though often overlooked, application of this technology.
PSC-derived neural cells offer significant potential for advancing our understanding of mammalian, particularly human, neurodevelopment.
Further innovation in PSC-based research strategies is encouraged to deepen insights into neural development.