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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
Transposons01:24

Transposons

Transposons, or "jumping genes," are small mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that range from 700 to 40,000 base pairs in length. They are found in all organisms and can move within the same chromosome or transfer to different chromosomes. In some cases, transposons can also jump between different host DNA molecules, such as plasmids or viruses, contributing to genetic variability.Barbara McClintock first discovered these mobile genetic elements in the 1940s while studying maize genetics, and she...
LTR Retrotransposons03:08

LTR Retrotransposons

LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
Transgenic Organisms00:53

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Microinjection for Transgenesis and Genome Editing in Threespine Sticklebacks
08:51

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Published on: May 13, 2016

Transposable elements as a potential source for understanding the fish genome.

Daniela Cristina Ferreira1, Fabio Porto-Foresti, Claudio Oliveira

  • 1Departamento de Morfologia; Instituto de Biociência; Universidade Estadual Paulista; Bauru, SP Brazil.

Mobile Genetic Elements
|October 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Transposable elements, repetitive DNA sequences, are abundant in fish genomes. Their organization varies across species, impacting genome structure and diversity.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Transposable elements (TEs) are major components of eukaryotic genomes, comprising over 45% of the human genome.
  • Knowledge regarding the origin, function, and genomic organization of TEs in fish remains limited and fragmented.
  • Existing data highlight significant diversity in TE structure and chromosomal distribution among fish species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and discuss the current understanding of transposable element organization within fish genomes.
  • To highlight the structural and organizational diversity of TEs across different fish species.
  • To identify knowledge gaps concerning TE roles in fish genome evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative genomic analysis of transposable element distribution.
  • Review of existing literature on fish transposable elements.
  • Analysis of chromosomal localization data for TEs in various fish species.

Main Results:

  • Transposable elements exhibit diverse organizational patterns in fish genomes.
  • TEs can be localized to heterochromatic regions or dispersed throughout the genome depending on the species.
  • Comparative studies reveal significant interspecific variation in TE content and arrangement.

Conclusions:

  • The organization of transposable elements in fish genomes is highly variable.
  • Understanding TE distribution is crucial for comprehending fish genome evolution and diversity.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the functional implications of TE organization in fish.