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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Edema II: Pathophysiology01:18

Pulmonary Edema II: Pathophysiology

Pulmonary edema is the accumulation of fluid in the interstitial and alveolar spaces of the lungs, impairing gas exchange and oxygen delivery. It may be cardiogenic or noncardiogenic, but both reduce oxygenation and lung compliance.Cardiogenic Pulmonary EdemaCardiogenic edema results from increased hydrostatic pressure in pulmonary capillaries, usually due to left ventricular dysfunction from myocardial infarction, heart failure, or valvular disease. Ineffective cardiac pumping causes blood to...
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Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
Inhalation Anthrax01:25

Inhalation Anthrax

Anthrax is a zoonotic disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, a Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium. It primarily affects herbivorous animals but can be transmitted to humans through skin contact, ingestion, or inhalation of spores.Cutaneous anthrax, the most common form, typically results from direct contact with bacterial spores through skin abrasions and is generally less severe. Gastrointestinal anthrax results from eating undercooked or contaminated meat. It affects the mouth, throat, or...
Impact of Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Models: Regulatory Decisions01:15

Impact of Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Models: Regulatory Decisions

PK–PD modeling has significantly influenced FDA regulatory decisions, particularly drug approval, dosage optimization, and labeling. These models integrate pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) to predict drug behavior and effects, aiding in optimizing dosing regimens and enhancing the probability of clinical trial success.One notable example is Nesiritide (Natrecor®), a recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide for treating acute decompensated congestive heart failure (CHF).
Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

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The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Microbiological Rapid On-Site Evaluation for Pulmonary Infectious Diseases
03:22

Microbiological Rapid On-Site Evaluation for Pulmonary Infectious Diseases

Published on: March 1, 2024

Flash pulmonary oedema during anidulafungin administration.

C B Hindahl1, J W Wilson

  • 1Hospital Pharmacy Services, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. hindahl.cortney@mayo.edu

Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics
|October 25, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Anidulafungin, an antifungal, may cause flash pulmonary edema, a rare histamine-mediated reaction. Clinicians should monitor patients for this adverse event during treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Anidulafungin is an echinocandin antifungal medication used for invasive fungal infections.
  • Echinocandins are generally well-tolerated but can cause histamine-mediated infusion reactions.
  • Novel adverse reactions to anidulafungin require careful documentation and clinical awareness.

Observation:

  • A 52-year-old male experienced acute flash pulmonary oedema after the initial dose of anidulafungin.
  • Symptoms included sudden cough, dyspnea, and chest tightness, with radiographic evidence of pulmonary edema.
  • The patient recovered fully after treatment with diphenhydramine, hydrocortisone, and albuterol.

Findings:

  • This case represents the first reported instance of pulmonary oedema linked to anidulafungin.
  • The event is suspected to be a histamine-mediated infusion reaction.
  • Pulmonary oedema associated with echinocandins appears to be an uncommon adverse event.

Implications:

  • Clinicians must be vigilant for pulmonary oedema as a potential adverse reaction to anidulafungin.
  • Maintaining an infusion rate below 1.1 mg/min is recommended.
  • Monitoring for signs and symptoms of infusion-related adverse events is crucial during anidulafungin therapy.