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Zopiclone, the third generation hypnotic: a clinical overview.

B Musch1, F Maillard

  • 1Rhône-Poulenc Santé, Antony, France.

International Clinical Psychopharmacology
|April 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary
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Zopiclone, a cyclopyrrolone hypnotic, effectively improves sleep without daytime impairment or dependence potential. Clinical studies confirm its safety and efficacy as a valuable alternative to traditional hypnotics.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Clinical Therapeutics

Background:

  • Benzodiazepines (BZD) offered advantages over barbiturates but ideal hypnotics should lack residual effects and abuse potential.
  • Zopiclone is a novel hypnotic from the cyclopyrrolone class, designed to meet these ideal criteria.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of zopiclone as a hypnotic agent.
  • To compare zopiclone's effects on sleep architecture and daytime function with placebo and benzodiazepines.

Main Methods:

  • Placebo-controlled studies were conducted to assess zopiclone 7.5 mg in insomniacs.
  • Sleep variables, sleep stage architecture, daytime cognitive function, and respiratory effects were objectively and subjectively measured.
  • Abuse potential was assessed through specific studies in alcoholics, and discontinuation effects were monitored.

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Main Results:

  • Zopiclone 7.5 mg significantly improved all sleep variables in insomniacs.
  • Unlike benzodiazepines, zopiclone did not significantly affect REM sleep and could increase slow-wave sleep.
  • No significant residual daytime impairment of cognitive functions was observed, and discontinuation showed no rebound or withdrawal symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • Zopiclone demonstrates efficacy in improving sleep with a favorable safety profile.
  • Its unique effects on sleep architecture and lack of residual or abuse potential position it as a useful alternative hypnotic.