Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Cumulative timing-dependent changes in corticospinal excitability during suprathreshold paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Mild traumatic brain injury alters function in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex: a TMS-EEG study.

Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology·2026
Same author

Addressing population and neurobiological diversity in TMS-EEG biomarker research.

Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology·2026
Same author

Clinical utility and prospective of TMS-EEG: Updated review from an international expert group.

Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology·2026
Same author

Corrigendum to Simple quantitative planimetric measurement of nigrosome-1 for clinical settings [Journal of the Neurological Sciences 454 (2023) 120857].

Journal of the neurological sciences·2026
Same author

The golden age of online readout: EEG-informed TMS from manual probing to closed-loop neuromodulation.

NeuroImage·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Brain State-dependent Brain Stimulation with Real-time Electroencephalography-Triggered Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
08:50

Brain State-dependent Brain Stimulation with Real-time Electroencephalography-Triggered Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Published on: August 20, 2019

Transcranial magnetic stimulation and peristimulus frequencygram.

Gabrielle Todd1, Nigel C Rogasch, Kemal S Türker

  • 1School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences and The Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.

Clinical Neurophysiology : Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology
|October 25, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Peristimulus frequencygram (PSF) analysis revealed a longer electromyogram silence after motor evoked potentials (MEPs) compared to other methods. This highlights the importance of frequency-based analysis for inhibitory events.

More Related Videos

Combined Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Electroencephalography of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex
07:42

Combined Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Electroencephalography of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex

Published on: August 17, 2018

Combined Peripheral Nerve Stimulation and Controllable Pulse Parameter Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Probe Sensorimotor Control and Learning
14:47

Combined Peripheral Nerve Stimulation and Controllable Pulse Parameter Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Probe Sensorimotor Control and Learning

Published on: April 21, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Brain State-dependent Brain Stimulation with Real-time Electroencephalography-Triggered Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
08:50

Brain State-dependent Brain Stimulation with Real-time Electroencephalography-Triggered Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Published on: August 20, 2019

Combined Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Electroencephalography of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex
07:42

Combined Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Electroencephalography of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex

Published on: August 17, 2018

Combined Peripheral Nerve Stimulation and Controllable Pulse Parameter Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Probe Sensorimotor Control and Learning
14:47

Combined Peripheral Nerve Stimulation and Controllable Pulse Parameter Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Probe Sensorimotor Control and Learning

Published on: April 21, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Control
  • Electrophysiology

Background:

  • Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive technique used to probe the motor system.
  • Characterizing the precise timing and duration of neural responses to TMS is crucial for understanding motor control and inhibition.
  • Traditional analysis methods like surface electromyogram (SEMG) and peristimulus time histograms (PSTH) have limitations in resolving fine temporal details.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To utilize peristimulus frequencygram (PSF) analysis on single motor unit recordings to better characterize responses to low-intensity Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).
  • To compare the efficacy of PSF with traditional SEMG and PSTH methods in analyzing TMS-evoked responses.
  • To determine the duration of inhibitory events following TMS-induced motor evoked potentials (MEPs) during voluntary contraction.

Main Methods:

  • Single-pulse TMS was applied over the first dorsal interosseus (FDI) motor cortex in 12 healthy subjects during weak index finger abduction.
  • Electromyogram (EMG) activity of the FDI muscle was recorded using both surface and intramuscular fine-wire electrodes.
  • Data analysis involved constructing peristimulus time histograms (PSTH), peristimulus frequencygrams (PSF), and calculating cumulative sums (CUSUMs) for SEMG, PSTH, and PSF.

Main Results:

  • Forty-five single motor units were successfully recorded and analyzed.
  • The characterization of TMS-evoked responses varied significantly depending on whether SEMG, PSTH, or PSF analysis with CUSUMs was employed.
  • A notable difference was observed in the duration of the EMG silent period following the MEP.

Conclusions:

  • The duration of the electromyogram (EMG) silence following the motor evoked potential (MEP) during voluntary contraction was found to be longer when analyzed using PSF compared to SEMG and PSTH.
  • These findings underscore the necessity of employing both probability-based (PSTH) and frequency-based (PSF) analytical approaches for accurately determining the duration of inhibitory events in peripheral motor recordings.
  • PSF analysis offers a more sensitive method for characterizing the temporal dynamics of neural inhibition following TMS.