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A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function
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Olfactory dysfunction in multiple sclerosis: association with secondary progression.

Ana Martins Silva1, Ernestina Santos, Inês Moreira

  • 1Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar do Porto - Hospital de S António, Porto, Portugal. anadmsilva@yahoo.com

Multiple Sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)
|October 25, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Brief Smell Identification Test (B-SIT) effectively identified olfactory deficits in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, particularly distinguishing secondary progressive MS (SPMS) from relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). This suggests smell tests could aid in diagnosing SPMS.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Olfactory Neuroscience

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease affecting the central nervous system.
  • Olfactory dysfunction is increasingly recognized as a potential early indicator in various neurological conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the utility of the Brief Smell Identification Test (B-SIT) in assessing olfactory identification capacities in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • To explore the potential of the B-SIT to differentiate between different disease courses of MS, specifically secondary progressive MS (SPMS) and relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS).

Main Methods:

  • 153 MS patients and 165 healthy controls (HC) completed the B-SIT and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).
  • Clinical and cognitive status were assessed using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), Multiple Sclerosis Severity Scale (MSSS), and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).

Main Results:

  • MS patients showed significantly higher B-SIT impairment (11.1%) compared to HC (3%).
  • Impairment was most frequent in SPMS (68.8%), followed by primary progressive MS (12.5%) and RRMS (3.3%).
  • A B-SIT score of ≤ 8 demonstrated 69% sensitivity and 97% specificity for identifying SPMS in patients with relapsing onset, even after adjusting for confounding variables.

Conclusions:

  • The B-SIT effectively discriminates between SPMS and RRMS disease courses.
  • Systematic olfactory function assessment may serve as a valuable clinical marker for identifying SPMS.