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Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

In 1971, Peter Perlman and Eva Engvall developed an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA or EIA). ELISA differs from western blot in that the assays are conducted in microtiter plates or in vivo rather than on an absorbent membrane.
There are many different types of ELISAs, but they all involve an antibody molecule whose constant region binds an enzyme, leaving the variable region free to bind its specific antigen. Enzyme-substrate reaction allows the antigen to be visualized or quantified.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Simultaneous Detection of Different Antibody Classes in a Multiplexed Serological Test

Simultaneous Detection of Different Antibody Classes in a Multiplexed Serological Test

Published on: July 14, 2023

Total serum IgE quantification by microfluidic ELISA using magnetic beads.

Gaëlle Proczek¹, Anne-Laure Gassner, Jean-Marc Busnel

¹Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LEPA, Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

|October 25, 2011

Summary

This study introduces a novel microanalytical device for quantifying total immunoglobulin E (IgE) in human serum. The rapid, miniaturized assay offers accurate allergy testing with minimal sample volume.

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Analytical Chemistry
Immunodiagnostics

Background:

Accurate quantification of total immunoglobulin E (IgE) is crucial for diagnosing allergic diseases.
Existing methods for IgE measurement can be time-consuming and require significant sample volumes.
Development of rapid, sensitive, and low-volume diagnostic tools is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a microfluidic device for the rapid quantification of total IgE in human serum.
To assess the performance of the device in terms of speed, sensitivity, and reproducibility.
To compare the device's results with established clinical methods.

Main Methods:

Utilized a microanalytical device with gravity and capillary-driven fluidics and eight parallel microchannels for simultaneous calibration and sample analysis.
Employed magnetic beads for analyte capture and reagent separation, with off-line incubation.
Investigated and optimized blocking agents, magnetic bead concentration, and labeled antibody concentration.

Main Results:

Achieved total IgE quantification in human serum within 1 hour using a small serum volume.
Demonstrated results in good accordance with ImmunoCap® and Immunoaffinity capillary electrophoresis.
Reported a detection limit of 17.5 ng/mL and good inter- and intra-chip reproducibility (RSD < 10%).

Conclusions:

The developed microfluidic device provides a rapid, sensitive, and reproducible method for total IgE quantification.
This technology holds promise for point-of-care allergy diagnostics due to its miniaturized format and low sample requirement.
The device offers a viable alternative to conventional methods for IgE measurement.